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RNA & Protein Synthesis

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Presentation on theme: "RNA & Protein Synthesis"— Presentation transcript:

1 RNA & Protein Synthesis
Chapter 13 RNA & Protein Synthesis

2 13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 13.4 Gene Regulation & Expression
13.1 The Role of RNA 13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 13.3 Mutations 13.4 Gene Regulation & Expression 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

3 1. RNA contains the sugar A ribose. B deoxyribose. C glucose. D lactose.

4 A ribose.

5 2. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
A adenine. B uracil. C phosphate groups. D thymine.

6 B uracil.

7 3. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
A ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine B deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine C phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine D phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

8 C phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

9 4. Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
A uracil B guanine C cytosine D adenine Figure 13–1

10 A uracil

11 5. Which of the following is true?
A RNA is usually single-stranded. B DNA is usually single-stranded. C DNA contains uracil. D RNA contains thymine.

12 A RNA is usually single-stranded.

13 6. Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell? A rRNA B tRNA C mRNA D RNA polymerase

14 C mRNA

15 7. How many main types of RNA are there?
A 1 B 3 C hundreds D thousands

16 B 3

17 8. Which of the following statements is true of eukaryotic DNA?
A A promoter is part of an intron. B An intron is part of a promoter. C Introns are sequences of DNA. D Exons are edited out of pre-mRNA.

18 C Introns are sequences of DNA.

19 9. Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?
A transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens B messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA C ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

20 D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

21 10. From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
A tRNA B rRNA C DNA D proteins

22 C DNA

23 11. What is produced during transcription?
A RNA molecules B DNA molecules C RNA polymerase D proteins

24 A RNA molecules

25 12. During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is
A complementary to both strands of DNA. B identical to an entire single strand of DNA. C double-stranded and inside the nucleus. D complementary to part of one strand of DNA .

26 D complementary to part of one strand of DNA .

27 13. What does Figure 13–2 show? A anticodons B exons C introns D the genetic code Figure 13–2

28 D the genetic code

29 14. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?
A 3 B 6 C 9 D 12

30 C 9

31 15. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids
15. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true? A Several different codons can specify the same amino acid. B Each codon specifies a different amino acid. C Some amino acids have no link to a codon. D Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

32 A Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.

33 16. In Figure 13–3, which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC?
A Gly B Lys C Ala D Pro Figure 13–3

34 D Pro

35 17. According to Figure 13–3, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU?
A UAC B UAA C UGC D UGU Figure 13–3

36 A UAC

37 18. A promoter is a A binding site for DNA polymerase. B binding site for RNA polymerase. C start signal for replication. D stop signal for transcription.

38 B binding site for RNA polymerase.

39 19. What happens during translation?
A Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code. B The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins. C Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code. D Copies of DNA molecules are made.

40 B The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.

41 20. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
A spindle fiber B tRNA C polypeptide D anticodon

42 A spindle fiber

43 21. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the A codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA. B anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA. C anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA. D codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

44 D codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

45 22. A protein is being assembled when
A DNA is being translated. B RNA is being transcribed. C RNA is being translated. D DNA is being transcribed.

46 C RNA is being translated.

47 23. Genes contain instructions for assembling
A operons. B nucleosomes. C proteins. D mutagens.

48 C proteins.

49 24. Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?
A protein to DNA to RNA B RNA to DNA to protein C DNA to RNA to protein D RNA to protein to DNA

50 C DNA to RNA to protein

51 25. What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?
A Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA. B Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA. C Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA. D Viruses can translate without RNA.

52 A Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.

53 26. The genetic code is always read
A 3 bases at a time in the same direction. B 4 bases at a time in the same direction. C 3 bases at a time and the direction varies. D 4 bases at a time and the direction varies.

54 A 3 bases at a time in the same direction.

55 27. In eukaryotes A Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus. B Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. C Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus. D Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.

56 B Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

57 28. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called
A a mutagen. B an inversion. C a point mutation. D a translocation.

58 C a point mutation.

59 29. Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?
inversion B insertion C point mutation D substitution

60 A inversion

61 30. Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation? A substitution B insertion C deletion D inversion

62 C deletion

63 31. When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is
repeated. B lost. C reversed. D transferred.

64 B lost.

65 32. Most mutations A have no effect on an organism. B are fatal to an organism. C are helpful to an organism. D are harmful to an organism.

66 A have no effect on an organism.

67 33. What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants?
A They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants. B They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants. C They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants. D They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.

68 B They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.

69 34. Which of the following statements is true about gene regulation in prokaryotes?
A Promoters determine whether a gene is expressed. B Expressed genes make more DNA. C DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed. D RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.

70 C DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed.

71 35. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the
A breakdown of lactose. B production of lactose. C breakdown of glucose. D production of glucose.

72 A breakdown of lactose.

73 36. A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by
A binding to the promoter. B DNA polymerase. C binding to the operator. D binding to the lac genes.

74 C binding to the operator.

75 37. When E. coli is grown on glucose, and there is no lactose available
A lactose molecules bind to the lac repressor. B the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon. C RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the lac operon. D the lac genes are transcribed into messenger RNA.

76 B the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.

77 38. Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes?
A operon B DNA polymerase C TATA box D operator

78 C TATA box

79 39. Which of the following is part of only prokaryotic genes?
A operon B TATA box C promoter sequences D enhancer sequences

80 A operon

81 40. Gene regulation in eukaryotes
A usually involves operons. B is simpler than in prokaryotes. C allows for cell specialization. D includes the action of an operator region.

82 C allows for cell specialization.

83 41. Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they
A do not want the genes to become worn out. B cannot control the translation of proteins. C do not carry the complete genetic code in their nuclei. D do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.

84 D do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.

85 42. What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?
A miRNA B transcription factors C dicer enzymes D silencing complexes

86 B transcription factors

87 43. Hox genes determine an animal’s
A body plan. B size. C skin color. D eye color.

88 A body plan.

89 44. Hox genes A determine when bacteria replicate their chromosome. B determine where the flagellum is on a bacterium. C determine when a dog’s cells replicate their DNA D determine the location of a dog’s ears.

90 D determine the location of a dog’s ears.

91 45. The basic body structure of the fly in Figure 13–4 is determined by a cluster of
A repressor genes. B Hox genes. C polypeptides. D frameshift mutations. Figure 13–4

92 B Hox genes.


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