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RNA & Protein Synthesis
Chapter 13 RNA & Protein Synthesis
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13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 13.4 Gene Regulation & Expression
13.1 The Role of RNA 13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 13.3 Mutations 13.4 Gene Regulation & Expression 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
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1. RNA contains the sugar A ribose. B deoxyribose. C glucose. D lactose.
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A ribose.
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2. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
A adenine. B uracil. C phosphate groups. D thymine.
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B uracil.
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3. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
A ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine B deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine C phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine D phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
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C phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
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4. Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
A uracil B guanine C cytosine D adenine Figure 13–1
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A uracil
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5. Which of the following is true?
A RNA is usually single-stranded. B DNA is usually single-stranded. C DNA contains uracil. D RNA contains thymine.
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A RNA is usually single-stranded.
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6. Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell? A rRNA B tRNA C mRNA D RNA polymerase
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C mRNA
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7. How many main types of RNA are there?
A 1 B 3 C hundreds D thousands
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B 3
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8. Which of the following statements is true of eukaryotic DNA?
A A promoter is part of an intron. B An intron is part of a promoter. C Introns are sequences of DNA. D Exons are edited out of pre-mRNA.
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C Introns are sequences of DNA.
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9. Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?
A transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens B messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA C ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
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D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
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10. From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
A tRNA B rRNA C DNA D proteins
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C DNA
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11. What is produced during transcription?
A RNA molecules B DNA molecules C RNA polymerase D proteins
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A RNA molecules
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12. During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is
A complementary to both strands of DNA. B identical to an entire single strand of DNA. C double-stranded and inside the nucleus. D complementary to part of one strand of DNA .
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D complementary to part of one strand of DNA .
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13. What does Figure 13–2 show? A anticodons B exons C introns D the genetic code Figure 13–2
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D the genetic code
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14. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?
A 3 B 6 C 9 D 12
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C 9
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15. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids
15. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true? A Several different codons can specify the same amino acid. B Each codon specifies a different amino acid. C Some amino acids have no link to a codon. D Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
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A Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
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16. In Figure 13–3, which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC?
A Gly B Lys C Ala D Pro Figure 13–3
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D Pro
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17. According to Figure 13–3, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU?
A UAC B UAA C UGC D UGU Figure 13–3
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A UAC
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18. A promoter is a A binding site for DNA polymerase. B binding site for RNA polymerase. C start signal for replication. D stop signal for transcription.
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B binding site for RNA polymerase.
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19. What happens during translation?
A Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code. B The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins. C Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code. D Copies of DNA molecules are made.
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B The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.
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20. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
A spindle fiber B tRNA C polypeptide D anticodon
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A spindle fiber
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21. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the A codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA. B anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA. C anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA. D codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
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D codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
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22. A protein is being assembled when
A DNA is being translated. B RNA is being transcribed. C RNA is being translated. D DNA is being transcribed.
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C RNA is being translated.
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23. Genes contain instructions for assembling
A operons. B nucleosomes. C proteins. D mutagens.
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C proteins.
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24. Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?
A protein to DNA to RNA B RNA to DNA to protein C DNA to RNA to protein D RNA to protein to DNA
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C DNA to RNA to protein
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25. What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?
A Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA. B Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA. C Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA. D Viruses can translate without RNA.
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A Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.
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26. The genetic code is always read
A 3 bases at a time in the same direction. B 4 bases at a time in the same direction. C 3 bases at a time and the direction varies. D 4 bases at a time and the direction varies.
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A 3 bases at a time in the same direction.
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27. In eukaryotes A Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus. B Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. C Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus. D Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.
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B Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
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28. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called
A a mutagen. B an inversion. C a point mutation. D a translocation.
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C a point mutation.
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29. Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?
inversion B insertion C point mutation D substitution
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A inversion
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30. Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation? A substitution B insertion C deletion D inversion
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C deletion
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31. When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is
repeated. B lost. C reversed. D transferred.
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B lost.
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32. Most mutations A have no effect on an organism. B are fatal to an organism. C are helpful to an organism. D are harmful to an organism.
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A have no effect on an organism.
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33. What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants?
A They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants. B They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants. C They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants. D They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.
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B They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.
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34. Which of the following statements is true about gene regulation in prokaryotes?
A Promoters determine whether a gene is expressed. B Expressed genes make more DNA. C DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed. D RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.
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C DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed.
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35. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the
A breakdown of lactose. B production of lactose. C breakdown of glucose. D production of glucose.
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A breakdown of lactose.
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36. A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by
A binding to the promoter. B DNA polymerase. C binding to the operator. D binding to the lac genes.
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C binding to the operator.
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37. When E. coli is grown on glucose, and there is no lactose available
A lactose molecules bind to the lac repressor. B the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon. C RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the lac operon. D the lac genes are transcribed into messenger RNA.
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B the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.
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38. Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes?
A operon B DNA polymerase C TATA box D operator
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C TATA box
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39. Which of the following is part of only prokaryotic genes?
A operon B TATA box C promoter sequences D enhancer sequences
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A operon
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40. Gene regulation in eukaryotes
A usually involves operons. B is simpler than in prokaryotes. C allows for cell specialization. D includes the action of an operator region.
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C allows for cell specialization.
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41. Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they
A do not want the genes to become worn out. B cannot control the translation of proteins. C do not carry the complete genetic code in their nuclei. D do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.
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D do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.
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42. What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?
A miRNA B transcription factors C dicer enzymes D silencing complexes
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B transcription factors
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43. Hox genes determine an animal’s
A body plan. B size. C skin color. D eye color.
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A body plan.
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44. Hox genes A determine when bacteria replicate their chromosome. B determine where the flagellum is on a bacterium. C determine when a dog’s cells replicate their DNA D determine the location of a dog’s ears.
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D determine the location of a dog’s ears.
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45. The basic body structure of the fly in Figure 13–4 is determined by a cluster of
A repressor genes. B Hox genes. C polypeptides. D frameshift mutations. Figure 13–4
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B Hox genes.
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