2. Bone tissue, axial and appendicular skeleton, articulations/movements Final exam review PPT 2

3. Exs of long, short, irregular, and flat bones Long exs leg and arm bones Short exs wrist and ankle bones Irregular exs facial, vertebrae Flat ex skull bones, sternum

4. Where red marrow is found in a long bone? epiphyses

5. The ‘shaft’ of a long bone is called the…

6. A cartilage cell is called… chondrocyte

7. Center cavity in diaphysis of long bone Medullary cavity

8. Trabeculae are units found in…. Spongy bone tissue

9. Unit of compact bone with concentric lamellae rings around a central canal Osteon or Haversian system

10. In an osteon, circular rings of compact bone tissue Concentric lamellae

11. Canal in the middle of an osteon Haversian canal (or osteonic canal)

12. Key cellular component of bone tissue….; found inside tiny cavities of compact bone called… Osteocytes lacunae osteocytes in

13. canals in an osteon radiating from lacunae canaliculi

14. Two minerals stored in bone matrix called lamella that are utilized in many places Ca and P

15. Bone building cell, giant bone eating/destroying cell Osteoblast, osteoclast

16. Ossification in leg and arm bones occurs when what turns to bone?? Cartilage turns to bone

17. The fetal skeleton is not made of bone, but of… Hyaline cartilage

18. A large rounded articular prominence on a bone head

19. A hole in a bone through which nerves and blood vessels pass foramen

20. A cavity in a skull bone lined with mucus membranes Paranasal sinus

21. These are where skull bones fuse sutures

22. A disorder, disintegration of articular cartilage due to wear and tear osteoarthritis

23. A disorder…degeneration of bone tissue, often occurs after menopause, bones porous osteoporosis

24. 3 functions of skeletal system Support Protection Framework Hematopoiesis

25. Ribs, sternum, skull, vertebrae, are parts of the ___ skeleton. axial

26. Large opening in the occipital bone, spinal cord passes through it Foramen magnum

27. Suture between parietal bones sagittal

28. Bat-shaped or butterfly-shaped bone in skull, contains sella turcica Sphenoid bone

29. Suture between parietal and temporal bones squamosal

30. Skull bones parietal bones

31. Cheek bones zygomatic

32. How many (#) cervical vertebrae are there? 7

33. How many thoracic vertebrae are there? 12

34. # lumbar vertebrae? 5

35. Vertebra containing the dens which allows for head rotation C2 (axis)

36. Most inferior part of the sternum, rectus abdominis muscle attachment Xiphoid process

37. Superior part of the sternum articulates with clavicles attaches to rib prs 1-2 manubrium

38. Massive prominence on temporal bone for neck muscle attachment Mastoid process

39. Cartilage that connects true ribs #1-7 to sternum Costal cartilage

40. Disorder in which ligaments holding intervertebral disks in place weaken and disc slips pinching spinal nerve Herniated disc (disk)

41. # false ribs 3 prs false- prs #7-10 (2 prs false, but floating) prs #11-12

42. Posterior prominence on a vertebra Spinous process

43. Poterior prominence on a vertebra Spinous process

44. Bone where coxal bones articulate sacrum

45. a disorder that occurs when maxillae fail to fuse Cleft palate

46. center hole in a vertebra, spinal cord and vessels pass through it Vertebral foramen

47. Disorder; lateral curve of the spinal, usually in thoracic region scoliosis

48. Joint: where coxal bones of appendicular skeleton and sacrum of axial skeleton articulate Sacroiliac joint

49. Kneecap is the bone called the.. patella

50. Upper arm bone humerus

51. The five bones in the palm of the hand are the…

52. Upper lip bone

53. Shin bone, medial lower leg bone tibia

54. Lateral, lower leg bone fibula

55. Lateral lower arm bone radius

56. The capitulum is on the distal end of this upper arm bone humerus

57. The ‘shoulder blade’ is the… scapula

58. Depression on scapula, articulates with head of the humerus Glenoid cavity cavity

59. Depression or socket on coxal bone, articulates with head of femur acetabulum

60. The tarsus that forms the heel calcaneus

61. The tarsus that articulates with distal end of the tibia talus

62. Wrist bones carpals

63. The bump on the inner ankle (on distal end of the tibia) Medial malleolus

64. Type of articulation; moves in ‘all planes AND allows rotation’ circumduction

65. Type of synovial joint that allows flexion/extension Hinge joint

66. Inside the knee, this ligament crosses behind the other one PCL

67. A movement…turning the palm anteriorally or superiorally supination

68. A ‘bag of synovial fluid’ found in an articulation, prevents friction between bones and ligaments

69. Structure that attaches bone to bone Ligaments (in red)

70. Movement of body part towards the midline adduction

71. Types of synovial joints that allow circumduction Condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket Except condyloid and saddle do NOT allow rotation

72. An invasive diagnostic technique to study inside of joints arthroscopy

73. Ligament on lateral side of knee LCL – lateral collateral ligament

74. ‘shock absorbers’ in the knee, made of fibrocartilage menisci

75. Ligament inside knee towards the front ACL or anterior cruciate ligament

76. Ligament that inserts at the tibial tuberosity Patellar ligament

77. What type of movement does the tibiofemoral (knee) joint allow????

78. Which synovial joint allows for the most types of movements? Ball & Socket!

79. What type of joints are found in the wrist and ankles?? Fibrous/immovable joints!

80. ESSAY and other questions Knee structure- bones, ligaments, tendon, others Arthroscopy and 3 C injuries of knee and how arthroscopy can be used to repair injuries including allografts and autografts

81. Knee anatomy- structures of the knee (tibiofemoral) joint

84. Knee (tibiofemoral) joint physiology Bones- articulation of condyles of femur with condyles of tibia, and patella with patellar surface of femur Tendon- attaches muscle to bone- quads tendon attaches quads mscules to patellar ligament and then to tibial tuberosity of tibia Ligaments- attach bone to bone and provide movement but stability- ACL, PCL, & MCL from femur to tibia and LCL from femur to fibula Other structures- articular cartilage- prevents friction on ends of bone; menisci- cushion and shock absorption between femur and tibia; bursa- prevent friction between bone and ligament synovial fluid- prevents friction between bones

85. Arthroscopy Small incision, lighted camera inserted, view on monitor, to examine, or repair, joint problems Other small incisions for additional tools to fix problems- tweezers, shaver, probe, vacuum, etc Arthroscopy used for tears such as 3 C’s- torn ligaments such as torn cruciate (ACL) or torn collateral (MCL) or torn cartilage (meniscus) Sew or use allograft transplant for torn meniscus Sew tear or use transplants to fix torn ligaments such as MCL and ACL- autograft (piece of own quads or hamstrings tendon) or allograft (cadaver’s ligament)