Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.

Section 1: Geography and the Early Greeks Essential Question: What factors shaped government in Greece? The Big Idea: Greece’s geography and its nearness to the sea strongly influenced the development of trade and the growth of city-states. If you were there… You live on the rocky coast on a bright blue sea. Across from the water you see dozens of islands and points of land jutting into the sea. Rugged mountains rise steeply behind your village. It is hard to travel across the mountains in order to visit other villages or towns. Near your home is a sheltered cove where its easy to anchor a boat. What could you do to make a living here?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.  The Greeks created city-states for protection and security. Main Ideas  Geography helped shape early Greek civilization.  Trading cultures develop in the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Greece Physical Map What bodies of water surround Greece?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. The Greeks lived on rocky, mountainous land surrounded by water. The mainland of Greece is a peninsula, and the area of land that is surrounded by three sides of water. Geography Shapes and Greek Up Civilization Because of the mountains farming was very difficult. Travel across the mountains was also very difficult. People in ancient Greece created their own governments in the mountains. They spoke the same language. Mountains and Settlements Sea and Ships Because travel was very difficult in ancient Greece, the early Greek turned to the seas. To the west was the Ionian (eye-OH-nee-uhn) Sea and to the east was the Aegean (ee- JEE-uhn) Sea.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. The Minoans traded olive oil, wood, pottery all around the eastern Mediterranean for gold, silver, and jewels. Sometime in the mid 1600s BC a huge volcano erupted and created a huge wave that flooded much of Crete. This eruption might have led to the end of the Minoan civilization. The Minoans The Mycenaeans The Mycenaeans were the first culture to speak the Greek language. They built great fortresses and set up colonies in northern Greece and Italy. The Mycenaeans did not always conduct trade peacefully. They often attacked other kingdoms. Some historians believe the Mycenaeans attacked the city of Troy, possibly starting the legendary Trojan War. In the 1200s BC invaders from Europe swept into Greece. At a time when earthquakes were destroying cities in Greece, the culture slid into a period of warfare and disorder called the Dark Age.

Greeks Create City-States After the Mycenaean's (my-suh-NEE-unhs) civilization crumbled in 300 years, the Greeks joined together in small groups for protection and stability. These groups set up independent city-states. The Greek word for city state is polis (PAH-luhs). The creation of city-states marked the beginning of the Greece’s classical age. A classical age is one that is marked by great achievements.

Life in a City-State Greek cities were built high hills surrounded by a great fortress, or fort. The fortress stood high on a hill called the acropolis. The acropolis was surrounded by walls for protection. Life in the city often focused on the Greek marketplace. Farmers brought their crops to the market place to trade for goods made by craftsman. The market place also acted as a meeting place. The city-state became the foundation of Greek civilization. As years passes life in Greece became more settled. People no longer had to fear raiders swooping down on their cities. The population grew the Greeks established colonies in distant lands. These colonies set up their own independent polis. Among these city-states were Istanbul in Turkey, Naples in Italy, and Marseille in France. Although the city-states were independent they often traded with one another. They would trade metals such as iron and copper for olive oil and wine. Reading Check-did the Greeks develop city-states?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Section 2: Government in Athens Essential Question: What factors shaped government in Greece? The Big Idea: The people of Athens tried many different forms of government before creating a democracy. If you were there… For many years your city has been ruled by a small group of rich men. The have generally been good leaders. They have built new buildings and protected the city from enemies. But now a new leader wants to let all free men run the government. It won’t matter whether they are rich or poor. Some people worry about giving power to ordinary people. What do you think of this new government?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.  Ancient democracy was different than modern democracy.  Aristocrats and tyrants ruled early Athens. Main Ideas  Athens created the world’s first democracy.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Aristocrats and Tyrants Rule Greece is the birthplace of democracy, a type of government in which people rule themselves. The word democracy comes from the Greek words, rule of the people. Reading Check-did the Greeks develop city-states? Rule by a Few People The Athens, the city where democracy was born, started with a different kind of government. A government in which only a few people have power is called an oligarchy (AH-luh- gar-kee). A rich group of land owners, called, took power and ran the government. aristocrats

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Aristocrats and Tyrants Rule The aristocrats dominated Athenian society. They ran the city. They served as judges and generals. Reading Check-Did the Greeks develop city-states? In the 590’s BC a man named Solon created laws that were much fairer. He gave rights to non aristocrats. Men living in Athens became citizens, or people that had the right to participate in government. In the 600’s BC a group or rebels tried to overthrow the government and failed. A man named Draco created a new set of laws that very harsh. For example, minor crimes such as loitering became punishable by death.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. The Rise of Tyrants In 546 BC, a man named Peisistratus (py-sis-truth-uhs) overthrew the oligarchy. He became the ruler of Athens. Reading Check- What is a tyrant? Peisistratus brought peace and prosperity to Athens. He built temples and began new policies that unified the city. He built temples and large monuments. Many aristocrats attacked the tyrants and took power back from the city. He was called a tyrant, which meant a leader that held power through the use of force.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Athens Creates Democracy Cleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez), a new leader, did not want the aristocrats to dominate Athenian society. He thought they had too much power and influence. He called upon the support of the people to overthrow the government and establish a new form of government. He developed the first democracy, so he became known as the father of democracy. Under Cleisthenes, all citizens of Athens could participate in the assembly, gathering of citizens, and the creation of laws. The new government encouraged speeches and debates by the people. Voting was done by a show of hands or sometimes they held secret votes. Because the assembly was so large, it sometimes made it hard to make decisions. In this case sometimes a special council was set up to make decisions. Democracy Under Cleisthenes

As time passed, citizens gained more power, they served on juries to decide on cases. Most juries had from 200 to 6,000 people. Most juries had an odd number of members to prevent ties. Today our modern juries have only twelve people. Changes in Athenian Democracy Athens remained a democracy for 170 years. It reached its height under Pericles (PER-uh-kleez). Pericles led the government from 460 BC until his death in 429 BC. Pericles believed participating in government was just as important as defending the Athens in war. He began to pay people who served on juries and he introduced democracy into other parts of Greece.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. The democracy created by the founders of the United States is a representative democracy or a republic. Representative Democracy For example, Americans elect senators and representatives to Congress, a body that makes our county’s laws. Americans don’t vote on each law that Congress passes but trust their chosen representative to vote for them. Reading Check- How are direct democracy and representative democracy different? In a republic, citizens elect officials to represent them in government. These elected officials make decisions and laws for the country and enforce them.

Section 3: Greek Mythology and Literature Essential Question: What factors shaped government in Greece? The Big Idea: The ancient Greeks created myths and works of literature that influence the way we speak and write today. If you were there… As a farmer in ancient Greece, your way of life depends of events in nature. The crops you grow the sunshine and rain, though thunder and lightning scare you. When you look up at the night sky, you wonder about the twinkling lights you see there. You know that at certain times of the year, the weather will turn cold and gray of plants will die. Then, a few months later, green plants will grow again. How might you explain these natural events?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.  The Greek myths explain the world.  Ancient Greek literature provides some of the world’s greatest poems and stories. Main Ideas  Greek literature lives on in influences our world even today.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Myths Explain the World These gods or the center of Greek mythology-a body of stories about gods and heroes that tried to explain how the world works. Ancient Greece believed in many gods. Greek Gods People today have scientific explanations for events like thunder and earthquakes. The ancient Greeks did not. They believe their gods caused these events to happen, and they created myths to explain the gods’ actions.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. The Olympian Gods Zeus- king of the gods Hera- queen of the gods Poseidon- god of the sea Hades-god of the underworld Athena- goddess of wisdom Apollo- god of the sun Ares- god of war Aphrodite-god of love Demeter-goddess of agriculture Hephaestus-god of craftsman and blacksmiths The Greek Gods

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. The Greek Gods

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Gods and Mythology The Greeks saw of the work of the gods in all the events around them. For example, if the Greek people had a volcano eruption they would tell stories about their gods to explain the eruption. They would tell stories about the god, Hephaestus (hi-FES-tuhs), who lived underground. The fire and lava that poured out of the volcanoes, the Greeks said, came from huge fires in the god’s forge. At this forge he created weapons and armor for other gods Greek people believed the gods caused daily events. For example, they believed the goddess of agriculture, Demeter (di-MEE-tuhr), created the seasons. Demeter had a daughter who was kidnapped by another god. The desperate goddess begged the god to let her daughter go, and eventually he agreed to let a return to her mother for six months every year. During the winter, Demeter is separated from her daughter and misses her. In her grief, she doesn’t let plants grow. When a guy comes home, if the goddess is happy, and summer comes to Greece. To the Greeks this explains why winter comes every year.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Gods and Mythology

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Not all Greek myths were about gods. Many were about the adventures of great heroes. Some of the heroes were real people, others were not. Geek people loved to tell stories of heroes. Every city had their favorite hero. Heroes and Mythology For example, the people of Athens told stories about the hero, Theseus. According to legend. He travel to Crete and killed the Minotaur, a terrible monster that was half human and half bull. Greece told myths of the Jason and how we sailed across the seas in search of great treasure, fighting enemies the whole way. Reading Check-How did the Greeks use myths to explain the world around them?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Ancient Greek Literature Homer and a Epic Poetry Because the Greeks loved myths and stories, it was no surprise if they created great works of literature. The Iliad tells the story of the last years of the Trojan war. The Odyssey describe the challenges that Greek hero Odysseus (oh-DI-sec-uhs) faced on his way home from the war. For 10 years Odysseus tries to get home, but many obstacles stand in his way. He has to fight his way past terrible monsters, powerful magicians, and even angry gods. Both the Iliad and the Odyssey are great tales of adventure. They were both taught in ancient Greek schools. Homer’s poems influence later writers. Homers poems are considered some of the greatest literary works ever produced. Among the earliest Greek writings are two great epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, by a poet named Homer.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Lyric Poetry Other poets wrote poems set to music. During a performance a poet would play a stringed instrument called a lyre. These poets were called lyric poets after the instrument they played. Most poets were men.The most famous lyric poet was a woman called Sappho (SAF-oh). Most of her poems were about love and relationships. They were beautiful and emotional.

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Fables In most of Aesop’s fables animals are the main characters. A famous fable by Aesop was “The Tortoise and the Hare,” teaches us that is better to work slowly and carefully than to hurry and make mistakes. In “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” Aesop warns the reader not to play pranks on people. Aesop (EE-sahp), was famous for his fables. Fables are short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live. Other Greeks told stories to teach people important lessons. Reading Check- Why did the Greeks tell fables?

Greek Literature Lives Language Greek literature has influenced modern language and literature. Some of the words you use and some stories you hear come from ancient Greece. Many modern words and expressions come from ancient Greece. For example, we call a long journey an “odyssey”. The word “titanic”, which means very large and powerful, comes from ancient Greece. Literature and the Arts Greek myths have inspired artists for centuries. Artists and sculptors have used Greek gods as subjects for their works. Hercules, for example, has been the subject of many films ranging from classic to Disney cartoons. Reading Check- How did the Greek myths influence later language and art?

Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the.

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Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the.

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Presentation on theme: "Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the."— Presentation transcript:

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