2. Rise and Fall of Cotton Timeline  During the Antebellum period and Civil War “cotton was king.”  After the Civil War sharecropping began, but cotton was still an important crop.

3. Rise and Fall of Cotton Timeline  As cotton production increased, the price of cotton fell.  Overplanting caused the soil to lack nutrients.

4. Rise and Fall of Cotton Timeline  As textile mills became more popular, the need for cotton temporarily increased.  Then the boll weevil and drought diminished the cotton supply.

5. Rise and Fall of Cotton Timeline  World War I increased demand for cotton cloth to make soldier’s uniforms.  After the war, cotton supplies remained high and prices fell.

7. Worsening Conditions  When Federal troops withdrew from the South at the end of Reconstruction.  Conditions worsened for African Americans.

8. A Segregated Way of Life  Segregation and discrimination was accepted in South Carolina. Ex: public schools were segregated since their establishment.

9. Jim Crow Laws  After Reconstruction, SC legislature passed Jim Crow laws which made it legal to segregate African Americans.

10. Jim Crow Laws  They allowed SC to void the rights African Americans had according to the 13 th and 14 th amendments. ○ 13 th amendment - abolished slavery ○ 14 th amendment - secured rights of citizenship for African Americans including due process and equal protection of the laws.

11. Jim Crow Laws  Prohibited African Americans from having the same luxuries as whites.

12. Jim Crow Laws They could not: ○ riding in the same railroad cars ○ using the same public restrooms or water fountains ○ eating at the same restaurants ○ going to the same theaters

13. Jim Crow Laws they had to sit in the back of the bus and sit in the balconies of theatres. ○ EVERY PART OF LIFE WAS DIFFERENT

14. Voting Discrimination  Laws were also passed to limit African Americans’ right to vote as protected in the 15th amendment.

15. Voting Discrimination African Americans had to pass a literacy test on the Constitution. ○ Even if they could read the Constitution, the white examiner said they were still uneducated and therefore could not vote.

16. Voting Discrimination  Voters were also required to pay a poll tax before they could vote. This was particularly hard for poor sharecroppers (many were African Americans)

17. Voting Discrimination  Poor illiterate whites were allowed to vote because of the ‘grandfather clause’ - if their grandfather could vote before the Civil War then so could they.

18. Legal Discrimination  Racial discrimination was written into the state law and could be enforced by the state government.

19. No Protection  Because their right to vote was denied, African Americans had no representation in the government, so no one could protect them.

20. No Protection  The national government did not interfere in state government to protect African American citizens.

21. “Separate but Equal”  The Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was constitutional. However, conditions were not equal.

23. Development of Tourism  Tourism developed in South Carolina as a result of: the promotion of the historic city of Charleston South Carolina’s beautiful beaches

24. Development of Tourism  When the cotton and textile markets fell, tourism became an important industry in South Carolina in the 1900s.  Tourism helped SC make money!

25. Development of Tourism  Hotels were opened in Charleston and along the coast.  The city of Myrtle Beach was built as a tourist attraction.

26. Development of Tourism  After World War II, the following helped make SC tourist attractions easy to get to: increased number of automobiles improved national highways and state roads.  Air conditioning has also boosted tourism.

27. Tourism Today  Today, tourism is a major industry in South Carolina.

29. Key Terms  Migrate – to move from one country or region to another  Emigrate – to leave one’s country to settle in another “migrate out”  Immigrate - to come and live in another country “migrate in”

30. Key Terms  Push – something that push people away from a place or region  Pull – something that draws or pulls people to that place or region

31. Great Migration  During the late 19th century, African Americans began to emigrate from South Carolina to the North and Midwest.

32. Great Migration  They were pushed from South Carolina by:  segregation  discrimination  violence of the Ku Klux Klan  the cycle of poverty of sharecropping  lack of other economic opportunities in the state.

33. Great Migration  They were pulled by jobs in other states, particularly at the time of World War I

34. Great Migration Although segregation was practiced in the North and Midwest, African Americans were allowed to vote in regions outside of the South.

35. Great Migration  This movement is known in American history as the Great Migration and led to the flowering of African American culture in the Harlem Renaissance.

36. Internal Migration  Moving within the state  Internal migration occurred in South Carolina as a result of: the cycle of poverty of sharecropping (push) the opportunity for work in the textile mills (pull) that was provided for whites and a few African Americans.

37. Pulls  The following pulled poor workers to mill towns from rural areas. Improved sanitation and water lines greater availability of electricity in cities such as Charleston, Greenville and Columbia

38. Pushes  The following pushed poor workers away from mill towns to rural areas. mill workers were not well paid most could not afford to buy electricity