1. Week 7 Managing Telecommunications & Networks

2. Effective communications are essential to organizational success Define the terms communications and telecommunications and describe the components of a telecommunications system

3. An unmistakable trend of communications technology is that more people are able to send and receive all forms of information over greater distances at a faster rate Identify broad categories of communications media and discuss the basic characteristics of specific media types Describe how a modem works Explain the types of telecommunications carriers today and the services they provide

4. An Overview Of Communications Systems Communications: the transmission of a signal by way of a medium from a sender to a receiver Signal contains a message composed of data and information In telecommunications, sender transmits a signal through a transmission medium such as a cable

5. Communications and Telecommunications

6. An Overview Of Communications Systems (continued) Communications can be synchronous or asynchronous Synchronous communications: the receiver gets the message instantaneously Asynchronous communications: the receiver gets the message some period of time after it is sent

7. Telecommunications Telecommunications: electronic transmission of signals for communications, via telephone, radio, television, etc. Data communications: subset of telecommunications that refers to the electronic collection, processing, and distribution of data, typically between computer system hardware devices Telecommunications medium: anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device

8. Elements of a Telecommunications System

9. Communications Channels: Basic Communications Channel Characteristics Communication channels can be classified as simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex Simplex channel: can transmit data in only one direction Half-duplex channel: can transmit data in either direction, but not simultaneously Full-duplex channel: permits data transmission in both directions at the same time

10. Signals Analog

11. Digital Signals Represented as a sequence of discrete symbols from a finite “alphabet” of text and/or digits Rate and capacity of a digital channel measured in bits per second (bps) Digital data is binary: uses 1s and 0s to represent everything Binary digits can be represented as voltage pulses

12. Digital Signals Bit: digit in a binary number 1 is a 1-bit number (=1 in base 10) 10 is a 2-bit number (=2 in base 10) 10011001 is an 8-bit number (=153 in base 10) Byte: eight bits Byte – storage capacity Bit – transmission speed, channel capacity

13. Channel Bandwidth and Information- Carrying Capacity Bandwidth: the range of frequencies that an electronic signal occupies on a given transmission medium Shannon’s fundamental law of information theory: states that the information-carrying capacity of a channel is directly proportional to its bandwidth Max Capacity (bits per second) = Blog2(1 + SNR) Broadband: telecommunications in which a wide band of frequencies is available to transmit information

14. Types of Media Guided transmission media: communications signals are guided along a solid medium Wireless media: communications signals are sent over airwaves

15. Transmission Media Types

16. Transmission Media Types (continued)

17. Modems A typical telephone line can only accommodate an analog signal (a continuous, curving signal) A computer generates a digital signal representing bits Modem: a device that translates data from digital to analog and analog to digital

18. How a Modem Works

19. Voice and Data Convergence Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP): the basic transport of voice in the form of a data packet using the Internet protocol IP telephony is the technology for transmitting voice communications over a network using an open standards-based Internet protocol Voice and data convergence: the integration of voice and data applications in a common environment Everything over IP

20. Networks Computer network: the communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices Network nodes: the computers and devices on the networks

21. Network Types Personal area network (PAN) Approximately 33 feet Local area network (LAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) Wide area network (WAN)

22. Network Topology Network topology: logical model that describes how networks are structured or configured

23. The Basic Network Topologies