1. 1850: Decade of Crisis Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska—1854 Formation of the Republican Party—1854 Dred Scot Case—1857 Lincoln-Douglas Debates—1858 John Brown’s Raid—1859 Election of 1860 Outlines

2. Mexican Cession: Slavery? Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line Calhoun: open to slavery Cass: popular sovereignty Democratic Spot light off national politicians Major problem? Slavery could be extended Northerners: Not permissible! Extension could be halted Southerners: We’re doomed! Democratic party splitting Cass: Popular Sov. Fire Eaters: Extension or secession! Non-extension N. Dem. Free Soil Party: Van Buren Whigs: stay silent Taylor; no known opinions No party platform Is SLAVERY a “compromisable” issue??

3. Sectionalism & Slavery Lead to Disunion Anti-slavery ideology growing in the North Colonization, Abolition, Free Soilers Under ground RR: about 1,000 slaves/year Northerners aiding? Most political issues viewed from sectional perspective: Bank N. manufacturers for; S. & W. against Protective Tariff: S against; N for Internal Improvements (funded by federal govt.) Little benefit for wealthy southerners

4. California: Extension of Slavery NOT abstract issue Settlement DID NOT follow typical pattern Fur-traders, missionaries, community groups, territorial governor 1848 Gold! 1849: 100,000! The Wild West! Applied for statehood (1850) as a Free state Disrupt balance of 15 Free & 15 slave states Clipper ships: 18,000 miles/ 3 months

5. Compromise of 1850 Admit California as a Free State??? 1850: Congress: debates…debates…slavery! ONE MORE Compromise? (GIVE something to each side) Compromise of 1850: 1) CA admitted as a free state (Anti-slavery) 2) Rest of Mexican Cession: Popular Sovereignty (residents decide the slavery issue) (Both) 3) Slave Trade prohibited in D.C (Anti-slavery) 4) Pay off Texas debt (Texas relinquishing some territory) (Southerners) 5) New Fugitive slave Law (Southerners)

6. Clay: The Great Compromiser 1)Evils of secession 2)“Nature” will check the spread of slavery Calhoun: 1)Northern strength (tariffs, Missouri Compromise) had created imbalance between N & S 2)N must decide to treat S equally Webster: 1)Compromise to save the Union 2)Slavery will remain confined in the South

7. Compromise?? Zachary “Old Rough and Ready” Taylor West should be FREE Millard “Doughface” Fillmore Supports compromise “A final settlement of the slave question.”

8. The Fugitive Slave Law

9. Fugitive Slave Law: Help the South? In the North: Riots, “Personal-liberty Laws States’ Rights!! In the South: NORTHERNERS are violating the Constitution Ranks of Secessionists increases! Unintended Consequences

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Enough about Slavery! We must get on with settling the West! We need a transcontinental railroad to connect CA! I propose a bill to establish territorial governments in Kansas & Nebraska. (By the way, I’m from Illinois and this would benefit my state) Stephen Douglas

11. Status of Kansas & Nebraska determined by Missouri Compromise: FREE STATES

12. Kansas Nebraska Act Southerners Repeal the Missouri Compromise! Northern Abolitionists & Free Soilers Missouri Compromise was a SACRED promise

13. Kansas Nebraska Act Missouri Compromise Repealed!! POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY will decide slavery issue in Kansas Pro-Slavery & Anti-slavery groups rushing to set up majorities Pro-slavery people from Missouri terrorizing anti- slavery settlers

14. The South must acquire more SLAVE TERRITORY—looking beyond the borders Ostend Manifesto Will Spain sell Cuba? US will take it by force! Why Important? Represents forces of MANIFEST DESTINY and SOUTHERN IMPERIALISM that were prevalent at this time Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion

15. Sectionalism & Slavery (cont) Slave Rebellions A. Stono, SC (1739) B. Denmark Vesey (1822): planned an uprising in Charleston, SC C. Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1832): 60 whites & 100+ blacks killed in VA D. Amistad (1839): Court ruled that “slaves” had the right to revolt The Northern Abolitionists must be encouraging these attacks!