1. Please get seated and quiet Take out agendas, notebooks, and study guides Fill in your Vocabulary Bingo card with vocabulary from your study guide while Ms. Trent checks study guides for completion We will be reviewing for our Unit C test on Weathering and Erosion which takes place tomorrow!

2. Focus Question: How Successfully Have We Met Our learning Goals for Unit C?

3. Unit C Learning Goals: How do human activities impact earth’s natural processes? Human activities can have a variety of positive and negative effects on earth’s processes. One activity that may change the shape of the land is construction. Construction may affect the environment, landforms, vegetation, animals, and scenic views.

4. Unit C Learning Goals: What types of information do Topographical maps provide? Topographical maps provide information about the shape of the land (topography). Contour lines are drawn to show the areas that are the same height relative to sea level. The contour interval shows the height difference between contour lines. When contour lines are closer together the area is steeper and when the lines are farther apart the area is less steep

5. Unit C Learning Goals: How do Topographical maps from different time periods show changes in the shape of the land? When analyzing Topographical maps from different time periods evidence can be collected to show changes in the shape of the land over time such as stability. An area that has not changed much over time is more stable and a more desirable building site than an area that has changed.

6. Unit C Learning Goals: How do rainfall patterns affect the building sites of the Delta marsh, Seaside cliff, and Green hill? Boomtown is a fictional town that has rainfall patterns similar to some parts of the west coast of the United States. The rainfall pattern suggest that there could be: flooding in the Delta marsh which is at the lowest elevation possible landslides or mudslides on Green hill parts of the cliff could be washed away

7. Unit C Learning Goals: How does flowing water create common landforms? Water can erode portions of the land and create Various topographical features such as river beds, canyons, and valleys. Earth materials can be carried away by the flowing water and eventually deposited downstream forming deltas.

8. Unit C Learning Goals: What are the earth processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition? Weathering and erosion are closely related destructive forces. Weathering may be chemical or mechanical breakdown of rocks but involves no movement. As soon as a rock particle is loosened by the weathering process and transported it is called erosion. (caused by wind, water or ice) When the rock or sediment settles out in a new location the constructive force of deposition takes place.

9. Unit C Learning Goals: What are the positive and negative effects of erosion and deposition related to the Mississippi River Delta? The current Mississippi River Delta formed as a result of ongoing sediment deposition over the last 5,000 years. Deposition can cause a river to change its course. As an important shipping port it is important to balance these earth processes. Ongoing changes in deltas occur through the build up of land by deposition, loss of land through erosion, and replenishment of land through flooding.

10. Unit C Learning Goals: How does erosion impact different earth materials? The erosion agent of water may affect different earth materials by: Loose soil: may erode the most because of it’s soft consistency Sticky soil: may erode less because it is more compact Organic soil: may erode somewhat because the water is absorbed by the vegetation which holds the soil in place

11. Unit C Learning Goals: What are the effects of ocean waves on a cliff? Cliff erosion caused by waves begins with the undercutting of the cliff below the waterline. This leads to the collapse of the material above and the receding of the clifftop. Cliff erosion can also form caves, arches, and sea stacks. Mitigation methods include: seawalls, building back from the cliff, and planting vegetation

12. Unit C Learning Goals: How do earth processes affect coastal systems? Erosion and deposition can lead to dramatic effects on the shores of oceans and large lakes. Examples: erosion caused by waves can wash away the beach or deposition in a harbor my fill the harbor and reduce its depth Mitigation methods include: Jetties (perpendicular structures that prevent deposition down current), breakwaters (parallel structures offshore), and seawalls (parallel structures onshore).

13. Unit C Learning Goals: What type of experts might be involved in building sites? What are the expert’s roles? Some experts that might be involved in building sites are: Geologist: a scientist who studies the earth’s interior, exterior and past history. Ecologist: scientist who studies the interactions between organisms and the environment Engineer: a professional who uses science to solve problems, make equipment, and build structures. City Council Member: a city member who makes laws and plans about city growth

14. Vocabulary: Landform: a feature of the earth’s surface such as a lake, stream, valley… Marsh: a wetland area dominated by grasses Wetlands: an area with a large amount of water and watery land (swamp, marsh, bog) Seaside cliff: a high steep rock produced by ocean waves Topographical map: a map that uses contour lines to represent the elevation of the land surface Stability: the tendency of a landform to resist erosion or other change

15. Vocabulary: Mean: a central value of a numerical data set (average) Median: the middle value in a data set Mode: the most frequently occurring data point in a numerical data set River Channel: the depression in land in which a river flows Erosion: the earth process by which earth materials are removed from one place and transported somewhere else. Deposition: the earth process that results in sediments being deposited in a new place

16. Vocabulary: Weathering: the breakup of rock caused by mechanical or chemical processes Ecologist: scientist who studies the interactions between organisms and the environment Engineer: a professional who uses science to solve problems, make equipment, and build structures. Geologist: a scientist who studies the earth’s interior, exterior and past history Variable: a factor that is changed in an experiment Mitigation Methods: management methods used to control erosion