1. A learning partner throughout your career Effective questioning for effective learning Lindsay Warwick http://bit.ly/1dYc5jX http://bit.ly/1dYc5jX

2. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Why questioning? How many questions does a teacher ask each day, on average?

3. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career How many questions...? 300-400 Levin and Long, 1981

4. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Professor John Hattie 800+ meta studies 50,000 studies 200+ million students Visible learning, 2009

5. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Effect sizes

6. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Effect sizes Questioning Discussion 0.48 0.82

7. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career When? QuestionPurpose Which word has a negative meaning - spontaneous or impetuous? In which paragraph can you find the answer to question 5? Which action in the sentence came first? What are the benefits of doing the experiment in this way? So, how many people are you going to interview? For how long? Who was the talk about?

8. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career When? QuestionPurpose Which word has a negative meaning - spontaneous or impetuous? Check understanding of vocabulary In which paragraph can you find the answer to question 5? Check understanding of a text Which action in the sentence came first?Check understanding of grammar What are the benefits of doing the experiment in this way? Encourage speaking practice/critical thinking skills development So, how many people are you going to interview? For how long? Check understanding of instructions Who was the talk about?Check understanding of a recording

9. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: I want you to find someone who can do each of the things on your list. So, find a partner and ask them a question on your worksheet e.g. Have you ever eaten an insect? If they answer ‘yes’, write their name next to the action and then move to a different partner. If they answer ‘no’, ask them another question until they answer ‘yes’. Write their name and then move to a different partner. You should have a different name next to each action. So, do you all understand? (Some students nod). Marina, what are you going to do?

10. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: Where are the people in the photo? Student A (puts hand up): In someone’s living room, maybe. Teacher: OK. What are they doing? Student B: (puts hand up) They’re hanging out with their friends. Teacher: No. Student A (puts hand up): Playing video games. Teacher: Yes.

11. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: Is a wardrobe a piece of furniture? Some students shout out: Yes. Teacher: Is it made of wood? Some students shout out: Yes. Teacher: If you were to have one of these in your room, would you choose to place items of clothing here? Some students shout out: Er, yes?

12. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: I’m used to taking the bus to school. Do I take the bus to school most days? Some students shout out: Yes. Teacher: Is it strange for me to take the bus? Some students shout out: No.

13. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Good questioning assesses learning –reveals understanding and misunderstanding promotes learning involves all learners challenges learners to think differentiates and scaffolds creates a safe environment for learners to fail motivates students (Petty, 2004) is precise and concise

14. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Less effective questioning Questions which only test memory (Petty, 2004) Vague questions Overly complex questions Too many display questions Too many closed questions The ‘guess what I’m thinking’ question

15. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Checking understanding of instructions (ICQs) 1.What instructions will you give to set up the A/B activity? 2.What questions will you ask to check students have understood your instructions? 3.How will you check that all students have understood the instructions?

16. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Check understanding of grammar I used to play tennis after school. I’ve seen a ghost. I’m going to a concert tomorrow. I was watching TV when you called.

17. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: I want you to find someone who can do each of the things on your list. So, find a partner and ask them a question on your worksheet e.g. Have you ever eaten an insect? If they answer ‘yes’, write their name next to the action and then move to a different partner. If they answer ‘no’, ask them another question until they answer ‘yes’. Write their name and then move to a different partner. You should have a different name next to each action. So, do you all understand? (Some students nod). Marina, what are you going to do?

18. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Checking understanding of vocabulary laboratorypolite addicted to grateful

19. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Question stems for lower order thinking skills What/Where/Who is…? Can you explain…? Why did…? What happened next…? What examples can you think of? How does…? What does…mean? What word comes after…? How do you form…?

20. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Question stems for higher order thinking skills What do you think…? What would happen if…? How can you organise…? In what other situations…? Is it right or wrong to…? What solution is there? To what extent do you agree with? How useful is...? Can you predict…? Why did the speaker choose to use…?

21. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Question stems for higher order thinking skills What do you think…? What would happen if…? How can you organise these words…? In what other situations…? Is it right or wrong to…? What solution is there? To what extent do you agree with? How useful is...? Can you predict…? Why did the speaker choose to use…?

22. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: I’m used to taking the bus to school. Do I take the bus to school most days? Some students shout out: Yes. Teacher: Is it strange for me to take the bus? Some students shout out: No.

23. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: Work in groups and discuss what you think is happening in this photo.... Teacher: How useful are computers in an office? Discuss this question in your groups. Is it right to use someone else’s work and pretend it’s your own? In what ways can you collaborate with a colleague outside the office these days? How effective is each one?

24. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Could this questioning be improved? Teacher: Zeynep, can you use this sentence about you? Zeynep: Yes, because I usually take the bus. It’s not strange for me.... Teacher: Murat, do you think you’ll always be able to use this sentence about you? Murat: Er, no. I won’t come to this school forever!... Teacher: Okay. And in what other situations could you use be used to about you? Write them on your mini whiteboards.

25. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Wait! A 3-second wait time = better and longer answers 3+ for more challenging questions. If possible, 10 seconds. TES, 2013

26. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Gathering answers 4.57-8.30

27. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Gathering answers TechniqueGood for Pose, pause, pounce, bounce All questions Voting cards/voting systems Yes/no, true/false questions Mini whiteboards Open questions Assertive questioning A challenging question Lollipop sticks Nomination without prejudice

28. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Jigsaw discussion Groups discuss a different question. Groups present a summary to the class. Other groups vote agree/disagree.

29. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Four corners Students stand in a corner depending on point of view. Teacher groups students according to opinion.

30. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Four caps Each group examines topic from a different point of view. Students regroup and share opinions.

31. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Discussion card Each student has a particular number of cards. Each time they want to speak, they use a card.

32. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Fishbowl Students work in a large group. Half sit in an inner circle and discuss the topic. The outer circle listen. Inner/outer circles swap. The inner circle turns chairs and give each other feedback.

33. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Another question What percentage of questions in a lesson, on average, are asked by students?

34. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Another question 1% (Dillon, 1988)

35. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Student questioning Brainstorming. What do you want to know about... –this topic? –this text? –this word, phrase or grammar? Self-reflection –3, 2, 1 Question box Online forums

36. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Getting students to question more Teacher: What would you like to know about the restaurant in the photo? Write three questions on your mini whiteboards.

37. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career How can I ask better questions? How can my questions challenge students more? How can I involve all students and get a better understanding of their understanding? How can I encourage my students to ask more questions?

38. Unlock the power of English A learning partner throughout your career Further information http://geoffpetty.com / Teaching Today (2004) http://visiblelearningplus.com/ (John Hattie) How to use questioning in the classroom, Mike Gershon, 2013 http://socrative.com (free online voting system) COME TO THE BELL STAND TO FIND OUT MORE WAYS TO USE VOTING CARDS AND OTHER RESOURCES MORNING BREAK EACH DAY

39. A learning partner throughout your career Effective questioning for effective classroom discussion lindsay.warwick@bellenglish.com Lindsay Warwick http://bit.ly/1dYc5jX