1. Fabiola Rondón Cristina Suárez Freddy Lugo
Arch
Fabiola Rondón
Cristina Suárez
Freddy Lugo

2. Arch in Architecture History of the Arch Arch Nowadays Arch's Parts
Advantages
Disadvantages
Arch Types

3. History of the arch
Arch has been adapted by different cultures in many many times
The romans were the first to use it in monumental achitercure
First origins found in mesopotamia
Known in ancient egipt
Introduced in the roman empire
Perfectioned by the etruscans
The arch developed from the post and lintel or possibly the corbel
In some ocations, arch was used to represent a victory and an entry at the same time

4. History of the arch
An example of architecture in which arch was used is the colliseum,
Almost every opening or span in the colliseum is arch shaped
the Triumphal Arch and it is poignant to see how this symbol of power on earth was transformed and utilised within the Christian basilicas

5. Arch nowadays
The Gateway Arch in Saint Louis, Missouri; a sculpture based on a catenary arch
The Second Wembley Stadium, in London, built in 2007
the arch was used as a structural element
Several arches at the Casa Simón Bolívar in Havana, Cuba

6. Arch's Parts
Keystone - The voussoir which is placed at the crown of an arch.
Rise - The vertical height of the bottom of the keystone above the plane of the skewbacks.
Haunch - That portion of an arch which is between the crown and the skewback.
Voussoirs - The separate stones forming an arch ring.
Crown - The highest part of an arch ring.
Extrados - The upper or outer surfaces of the voussoirs which compose the arch ring.
Springer - The first arch stone above a skewback.
Intrados - The inner or lower surface of an arch.
Skewbacks - The top course of stones on the abutments.
Springing Line - The upper (and inner) edge of the line of skew-backs on an abutment.

7. Disadvantages
This form creates problems of equilibrium that do not exist in lintels
Relative to modern alternatives, such arch bridges are very heavy, requiring extensive foundations. They are also expensive to build wherever labor costs are high.
Advantages
Traditional masonry arches are generally durable.
An arch bridge is an economical way to traverse small distances and is able to cope with bending forces.
The entire arch is in compression. The compression is transferred into the abutments, and ultimately resisted by tension in the ground under the arch. The absence of tension in the arch means that it can sustain much greater spans than beams can achieve, and it can use materials that are not strong in tension.

8. Arch Types
Flat
Roman
Segmental
Morrish
Lancet
Tudor

9. Other Types
Blind Arch - A blind arch is an arch infilled with solid construction so it cannot function as a window or door.
Natural Arch - Natural rock formations may also be referred to as arches. These natural arches are formed by erosion rather than being carved or constructed by man.
Triumphal Arch - A special form of the arch is the triumphal arch, usually built to celebrate a victory in war.

10. A Roman arch is a strong, rounded arch that forms a semi-circle.

11. A Syrian, or segmental, arch forms a partial curve, or eyebrow, over a door or window. This arch has a slight rise and is semi-elliptical across the top.

12. A narrow, pointed opening is the hallmark of a Gothic arch
A narrow, pointed opening is the hallmark of a Gothic arch. The Gothic arch developed as a more sinuous and elegant successor to the Roman arch.

13. A Flat arch, also known as jack or straight arch, extends straight across an opening with no curvature, creating a horizontal emphasis.

14. A Moorish arch, extends beyond a semi-circle
A Moorish arch, extends beyond a semi-circle. The top of the arch is rounded and then curves in slightly before descending.

15. Tudor arches are often described as flattened Gothic arches
Tudor arches are often described as flattened Gothic arches. They feature a point at the crown, but the span is much wider than the Gothic style.

16. Blind Arch

17. Natural Arch

18. Triumphal Arch