8. Fruits What you should know about this naturally healthy category of foods

9. Berries Small Small Juicy Juicy Thin skins Thin skins Examples: blackberries, cranberries, blueberries, red and black raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, currants, grapes Examples: blackberries, cranberries, blueberries, red and black raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, currants, grapes http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/22/dining/22currant.html?_r=0

10. Drupes Outer skin covering Outer skin covering Soft, fleshy fruit Soft, fleshy fruit Single, hard seed (called a stone or pit) Single, hard seed (called a stone or pit) Examples: cherries, apricots, nectarines, peaches, plums Examples: cherries, apricots, nectarines, peaches, plums http://www.loveandoliveoil.com/2013 /09/damson-plum-gin-jam.html

11. Citrus Fruits Thick outer rind Thick outer rind Thin membrane that separates flesh into segments Thin membrane that separates flesh into segments Good source of vitamin C Good source of vitamin C Examples: oranges, tangerines, tangelos, grapefruits, kumquats, lemons, limes Examples: oranges, tangerines, tangelos, grapefruits, kumquats, lemons, limes http://sdoeden.areavoices.com/2011/03/25/weekend- baking-theres-a-kumquat-in-my-cookie/

12. Pomes Central core Central core Core contains seeds Core contains seeds Thick layer of flesh Thick layer of flesh Examples: quince, loquat, medlar, apple, pear Examples: quince, loquat, medlar, apple, pear http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/gardeningadvice/793 0936/Recipes-for-your-garden-fruit.html

13. Melons Large, juicy fruits Large, juicy fruits Thick rinds Thick rinds Many seeds Many seeds Part of the gourd family Part of the gourd family Examples: cantaloupe, casaba, honeydew, crenshaw, Persian, and watermelon Examples: cantaloupe, casaba, honeydew, crenshaw, Persian, and watermelon http://www.foodsubs.com/Fruitmel.html

14. Tropical Fruits Grown in warm climates Grown in warm climates Considered somewhat exotic Considered somewhat exotic Many species or varieties throughout the world Many species or varieties throughout the world Examples common in the United States: avocados, bananas, figs, dates, guavas, mangos, papayas, persimmons, pineapples, pomegranates, kiwifruit Examples common in the United States: avocados, bananas, figs, dates, guavas, mangos, papayas, persimmons, pineapples, pomegranates, kiwifruit http://photogabi.com/2012/10/project-365-day- 012-african-horned-melon/

15. Nutritional Value High in vitamins High in vitamins Which category is high in vitamin C? Which category is high in vitamin C? Good source of fiber Good source of fiber Usually low in fat Usually low in fat Anybody know the one exception? Anybody know the one exception? Rich in phytochemicals Rich in phytochemicals Many contain high amounts of sugar (fructose) Many contain high amounts of sugar (fructose)

16. Selecting Fruit Ripe = top eating quality Ripe = top eating quality Underripe fruits are full size but not yet at their top eating quality Underripe fruits are full size but not yet at their top eating quality Decent color and fragrance Decent color and fragrance Continue to ripen at room temperature Continue to ripen at room temperature Immature Fruits – Not yet full size Immature Fruits – Not yet full size Small, poor color, lack flavor and appropriate texture Small, poor color, lack flavor and appropriate texture Do not ripen at room temperature Do not ripen at room temperature Look for crisp, bright colors Look for crisp, bright colors Avoid bruises, spots, bug bites, or sticky areas Avoid bruises, spots, bug bites, or sticky areas

17. Selecting Fruits cont. Seasonal and Local Fruits Seasonal and Local Fruits Buy in growing season Buy in growing season Less packaging Less packaging Less carbon footprint Less carbon footprint Less loss of nutrients, higher quality Less loss of nutrients, higher quality Cost less Cost less

18. Organic Fruits Organic Fruits Organic Fruits No use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides No use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides http://www.theaquaponicstore.com/Aqua Organic-Organic-Fish-Food-s/126.htm

19. Tips for Buying Fresh Fruit 1. Buy only what you can use in a short period of time. 2. Pay attention to ripeness and freshness. 3. Avoid bruised, soft, damaged, or immature fruits. 4. Consider what you will be using the fruit for.

20. Storing Countertop Fruits Do: Do: Place in vented bag or bowl Place in vented bag or bowl Keep out of direct sunlight Keep out of direct sunlight Place 1 apple for every 7 pieces of fruit in bag or bowl Place 1 apple for every 7 pieces of fruit in bag or bowl Apple ethylene speeds ripening Apple ethylene speeds ripening Do not: Do not: Store in sealed bag Store in sealed bag http://www.fromvalskitchen.com/2011/food-for- thought-buying-grapes/

21. Storing Refrigerated Fruit Do: Do: Keep in perforate plastic bags Keep in perforate plastic bags Keep in produce drawer Keep in produce drawer Separate fruits from vegetables (decreases damage from ethylene produced by fruit) Separate fruits from vegetables (decreases damage from ethylene produced by fruit) Use within a few days Use within a few days

22. Preparing Fruits Always wash fruits before cooking or eating under cool, running water Always wash fruits before cooking or eating under cool, running water Even wash fruits before peeling or removing rinds Even wash fruits before peeling or removing rinds Never let fruits soak; this may remove flavor and water- soluble nutrients Never let fruits soak; this may remove flavor and water- soluble nutrients

24. Ethylene Ethylene is a natural plant hormone Ethylene is a natural plant hormone Affects growth, development, ripening, and senescence (aging) of all plants Affects growth, development, ripening, and senescence (aging) of all plants Quantity produced varies for different fruits and vegetables Quantity produced varies for different fruits and vegetables

25. Enzymatic Browning Some fruits darken when exposed to air Some fruits darken when exposed to air Chemical process involving the enzyme polyphenoloxidase Chemical process involving the enzyme polyphenoloxidase To prevent this, coat with a form of ascorbic acid To prevent this, coat with a form of ascorbic acid Citrus juices, Fresh Fruit Citrus juices, Fresh Fruit Occurs in pears, apricots, peaches, bananas, apples, grapes, etc. Occurs in pears, apricots, peaches, bananas, apples, grapes, etc.

26. Cooking Fruits Changes that occur: Changes that occur: Cellulose softens (easier to digest) Cellulose softens (easier to digest) Colors change Colors change Nutrients may be lost Nutrients may be lost Flavor mellows Flavor mellows Methods for cooking Methods for cooking Baking, broiling, poaching, frying, sautéing, microwaving, etc. Baking, broiling, poaching, frying, sautéing, microwaving, etc.

27. Summing Up Fruits should be purchased and handled carefully. Fruits should be purchased and handled carefully. Contain many vitamins and fiber. Contain many vitamins and fiber. Can be eaten or prepared in many different forms. Can be eaten or prepared in many different forms. Tomorrow we will discuss various forms: Tomorrow we will discuss various forms: Canned, fresh, dried, frozen, etc. Canned, fresh, dried, frozen, etc.