1. Questions for Consideration What is frame of reference? What is frame of reference? What is distance? What is distance? How is displacement different from distance? How is displacement different from distance?

2. Reference Frame Is the speed of the ball different relative to the pitcher, the truck driver, and the jet pilot? Why or why not? Is the speed of the ball different relative to the pitcher, the truck driver, and the jet pilot? Why or why not?

3. Distance Distance (d) – how far an object travels. Distance (d) – how far an object travels. Imagine an ant crawling along a ruler. Imagine an ant crawling along a ruler. What distance did the ant travel? What distance did the ant travel? d = 3 cm d = 3 cm cm 012345678910

4. Distance Here’s our intrepid ant explorer again. Here’s our intrepid ant explorer again. Now what distance did the ant travel? Now what distance did the ant travel? d = 3 cm d = 3 cm Does his direction change the answer? Does his direction change the answer? cm 012345678910

5. Distance Distance does not depend on direction. Distance does not depend on direction. Let’s follow the ant again. Let’s follow the ant again. What distance did the ant walk this time? What distance did the ant walk this time? d = 7 cm d = 7 cm cm 012345678910

6. Displacement Displacement (  x) – difference between an object’s final position and its starting position. Displacement (  x) – difference between an object’s final position and its starting position. Does depend on direction. Does depend on direction. Displacement = final position – initial position Displacement = final position – initial position In order to define displacement, we need directions. In order to define displacement, we need directions. Examples of directions: Examples of directions: + and – + and – N, S, E, W N, S, E, W

7. Displacement vs. Distance Example of distance: Example of distance: The ant walked 3 cm. The ant walked 3 cm. Example of displacement: Example of displacement: The ant walked 3 cm EAST. The ant walked 3 cm EAST. An object’s distance traveled and its displacement aren’t always the same! An object’s distance traveled and its displacement aren’t always the same!

8. cm 012345678910 + -Displacement Let’s revisit our ant, and this time we’ll find his displacement. Let’s revisit our ant, and this time we’ll find his displacement. Distance: 3 cm Distance: 3 cm Displacement: +3 cm Displacement: +3 cm The positive gives the ant a direction! The positive gives the ant a direction!

9. Displacement Find the ant’s displacement again. Find the ant’s displacement again. Remember, displacement has direction! Remember, displacement has direction! Distance: 3 cm Distance: 3 cm Displacement: -3 cm Displacement: -3 cm cm 012345678910 + -

10. Displacement Find the distance and displacement of the ant. Find the distance and displacement of the ant. Distance: 7 cm Distance: 7 cm Displacement: +3 cm Displacement: +3 cm cm 012345678910 + -

11. Displacement vs. Distance An athlete runs around a track that is 100 meters long three times, then stops. An athlete runs around a track that is 100 meters long three times, then stops. What is the athlete’s distance and displacement? What is the athlete’s distance and displacement? Distance = 300 m Distance = 300 m Displacement = 0 m Displacement = 0 m Why? Why?

12. Questions for Consideration What is frame of reference? What is frame of reference? What is distance? What is distance? How is displacement different from distance? How is displacement different from distance?

13. Questions for Consideration What is speed? What is speed? What is velocity? What is velocity? What are scalar and vector quantities? What are scalar and vector quantities?

14. Speed Speed (s) – Rate at which an object is moving. Speed (s) – Rate at which an object is moving. speed = distance / time speed = distance / time Like distance, speed does not depend on direction. Like distance, speed does not depend on direction. S D T

15. Speed A car drives 100 meters in 5 seconds. A car drives 100 meters in 5 seconds. What is the car’s average speed? What is the car’s average speed? s = d/t s = d/t s = (100 m) / (5 s) = 20 m/s s = (100 m) / (5 s) = 20 m/s 100 m 1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s

16. Speed A rocket is traveling at 10 km/s. How long does it take the rocket to travel 30 km? A rocket is traveling at 10 km/s. How long does it take the rocket to travel 30 km?

17. Speed A racecar is traveling at 85.0 m/s. How far does the car travel in 30.0 s? A racecar is traveling at 85.0 m/s. How far does the car travel in 30.0 s?

18. Speed Graph Constant Speed Varying Speed

19. Velocity Velocity (v) – speed with direction. Velocity (v) – speed with direction. velocity = displacement / time velocity = displacement / time

20. Pulling It All Together Back to our ant explorer! Back to our ant explorer! Distance traveled: 7 cm Distance traveled: 7 cm Displacement: +3 cm Displacement: +3 cm Average speed: (7 cm) / (5 s) = 1.4 cm/s Average speed: (7 cm) / (5 s) = 1.4 cm/s Average velocity: (+3 cm) / (5 s) = +0.6 cm/s Average velocity: (+3 cm) / (5 s) = +0.6 cm/s cm 012345678910 + - 1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s

21. Scalar and Vector Quantities Scalar Quantity – has magnitude but not direction. Scalar Quantity – has magnitude but not direction. Distance and speed are scalar quantities. Distance and speed are scalar quantities. Vector Quantity – has magnitude and direction. Vector Quantity – has magnitude and direction. Displacement and velocity are vector quantities. Displacement and velocity are vector quantities.