1. Fish Anatomy
and Physiology

2. Fish locomotion

3. Types of Fins
The source of propulsion for virtually all fish comes from:
Undulation of the body
Paired Fins:
Pectoral
Pelvic
Unpaired Fins:
Caudal
Dorsal
Anal
A combination of the above

4. Anguilliform swimming
(Undulation)

5. Dorsal & Anal Fin Propulsion

6. Anal Fin Propulsion
Black ghost knifefish

7. Pectoral Fin Propulsion

8. Dorsal fin
                                                            
Bowfin
Sea horse
Knifefish

9. Pectoral Fin
Frogfish

10. Walking catfish
             

11. Mudskipper

12. Hydrodynamics: Effects of shape on drag Disk Sphere teardrop
Mechanisms for reducing resistance (air more dense than water, so there is more resistance)             a. types of resistance                 (1) frictional resistance -- proportional to the amount of surface area in contact with the water (least for a sphere -- least SA/V);                 (2) form resistance -- drag while moving is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the object in contact with the water                     (a) big for a sphere                     (b) smaller if long and thin                 (3) Induced drag – turbulence (vs. smooth laminar flow) creates vortices (eddies) and increases the drag             b. Generally advantageous to maximize laminar flow – smooth or absent scales; covered with slime --                     streamlined body surface             c. BUT, if the animal is large and fast, you can’t prevent turbulent flow – have controlled turbulence                 (1) swordfish:  rough sandpaper-like skin on their sword                 (2) tunas: scales behind the head (corselet)             d. most streamlined bodies have a teardrop shape balance between frictional resistance, form resistance and induced drag -                 (1) gives the lowest resistance for the largest volume                 (2) ratio of largest diameter to length is about 0.22 (whales, dolphins and tunas)
            e. Fast swimmers outperform subs and torpedos by behavioral mechanisms
teardrop
Laminar flow and turbulence

13. Slowest Fish
Ewa Blenny 0.5 mph

14. Fastest Fish
                                                    
Blue-fin tuna
43.4 mph leaping
Sailfin
68 mph, leaping

15. Tuna- long distance swimmer
Snapper- short bursts

16. Respiration
Gills

19. Countercurrent Exchange
               

21. Respiratory and Circulatory System

22. Ram Jet Ventilation

23. Buccal Pump Ventilation

25. Feeding Behavior
Suction feeding
Slingjaw wrasse

26. Sensory system
Lateral Line
Inside lateral line canal

27. Fish adaptation to buoyancy in water
Swim bladder
Large liver and heterocercal tail
lipid reserves in fish without swim bladders (e.g., sharks, mackerels, bluefish, and bonito)             a. distributed throughout the body             b. localized                 (1) pelagic sharks  -- enlarged liver with lipids
Buoyancy Compensator Device (BCD)

28. Swim Bladder
Physostomous Gas Bladder
air
PHYSOSTOME
Chum salmon

29. Swim Bladder
Physoclist gas bladder
Rete mirable

30. No Swim Bladder
Missing in fish that swim fast or change depth rapidly (Tuna)
Benthic fish (blennies, hawkfish, stonefish…)
Sharks, skates, rays
Deep water fish