1. P LATE T ECTONICS By: Julia Cogliano

2. P ANGAEA Alfred Wegner brought the idea of Pangaea up. At first, almost every scientist disagreed with Wegner, they all thought that it was impossible. Pangaea was a hypothetical continent, which all of the continents were together. It took place in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era. Around the time of the thought of Pangaea, the thought of Continental Drift was being discussed. Wegner was also a meteorologist, which might have brought him into the thought of Pangaea. Later on, Edward Seuss’s facts of a land bridge between South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica helped support the thought of Pangaea.

3. C ONVERGENT BOUNDARY A CONVERGENT BOUNDARY is a deformed BOUNDARY from when two regions collide. Some of the hazardous characteristics of a Convergent Boundary are EARTHQUAKES and VOLCANOES. An example of a Convergent Boundary is in the Igneous Environment. It is Extrusive, and caused by intermediate volcanoes.

4. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY A Divergent Boundary is the line between two plates, and two continental plates that are moving away. Land Slides, Mud Slides, and Trenches are all hazardous characteristics of Divergent Boundaries. An example is the tectonics. It is an Extensional Enviornment, with a very thin crust.

5. TRANSFORM BOUNDARY A TRANSFORM BOUNDARY is a rapid force of movement that lines the boundary of a tectonic plate. Hazardous characteristic of a Transform Boundary are MOUNTAINS. A transform boundary is on the Washington/Oregon coastline, and is surrounded by the Juan de Fuca oceanic plate, and the North American continental plate.

6. PLATES We line on the North American Continental Plate, which is bordered by the North American, Pacific, and the Juan de Fuca plates. As of right now, I don’t think that Ohio is in major danger. Hawaii might be in danger, because it has active volcanoes. Based on what I have learned, I think that Pansae will happen again, after milions of years, making all of the continents come together as one.

7. BIBILIOGRAPHY Us map http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.coolquiz.com/trivia/usa/states/flags/map.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.coolquiz.com/trivia/usa/&usg=__uxaznkncKqBesojoOlkr4tz7JzA=&h=230&w=390 &sz=24&hl=en&start=122&zoom=1&tbnid=7kk_wBycWR2VCM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=171&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dus%2Bmap%2Bquiz%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26bi w%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=188&ei=06zaTNDZCMGinwfIuLzeAQ&oei=26vaTP7eA- LsnQfxgbXeAQ&esq=13&page=12&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:122&tx=91&ty=41 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.coolquiz.com/trivia/usa/states/flags/map.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.coolquiz.com/trivia/usa/&usg=__uxaznkncKqBesojoOlkr4tz7JzA=&h=230&w=390 &sz=24&hl=en&start=122&zoom=1&tbnid=7kk_wBycWR2VCM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=171&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dus%2Bmap%2Bquiz%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26bi w%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=188&ei=06zaTNDZCMGinwfIuLzeAQ&oei=26vaTP7eA- LsnQfxgbXeAQ&esq=13&page=12&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:122&tx=91&ty=41 Volcano http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bugbog.com/images/galleries/costa-rica-pictures/costa-rica-arenal- volcano.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bugbog.com/gallery/costa_rica_pictures/costa-rica-volcano-pictures.html&usg=__kyeF5QfHf4j5AKRyfaCStoj- ttk=&h=400&w=600&sz=28&hl=en&start=10&zoom=1&tbnid=xE086pC- JERNXM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=159&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvolcano%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=r c&dur=235&ei=z7DaTNjZNsjAnge5jOz6Ag&oei=yLDaTNyDDMLJnAfBjaXeAQ&esq=3&page=2&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:10&tx=48&ty=49http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bugbog.com/images/galleries/costa-rica-pictures/costa-rica-arenal- volcano.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bugbog.com/gallery/costa_rica_pictures/costa-rica-volcano-pictures.html&usg=__kyeF5QfHf4j5AKRyfaCStoj- ttk=&h=400&w=600&sz=28&hl=en&start=10&zoom=1&tbnid=xE086pC- JERNXM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=159&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvolcano%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=r c&dur=235&ei=z7DaTNjZNsjAnge5jOz6Ag&oei=yLDaTNyDDMLJnAfBjaXeAQ&esq=3&page=2&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:10&tx=48&ty=49 Earthquake http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://jazba.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/earthquake-gallery-3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://jazba.wordpress.com/2008/09/08/country-to-hit-another- earthquake-geophysicists/&usg=__9E-KHGDpV1qSXT3BSuUy0J7Sgaw=&h=291&w=400&sz=49&hl=en&start=10&zoom=1&tbnid=-RWvNxCJF- dQTM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=175&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearth%2Bquake%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur= 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http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/12644.ocean_trench.jpg&imgrefurl=https://college.livetext.com/doc/3675628/18615818/&usg=__PfyXFUjWbgOe gJufp93y5fgG2Aw=&h=298&w=300&sz=12&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=BzGJkq2p8enT4M:&tbnh=138&tbnw=139&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrench%2B(science)%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa fe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=751&ei=Qq_aTMnKOZOLnAe6i_TdAQ&oei=Qq_aTMnKOZOLnAe6i_TdAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=11& ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0&tx=98&ty=63 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/12644.ocean_trench.jpg&imgrefurl=https://college.livetext.com/doc/3675628/18615818/&usg=__PfyXFUjWbgOe gJufp93y5fgG2Aw=&h=298&w=300&sz=12&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=BzGJkq2p8enT4M:&tbnh=138&tbnw=139&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrench%2B(science)%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa fe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=751&ei=Qq_aTMnKOZOLnAe6i_TdAQ&oei=Qq_aTMnKOZOLnAe6i_TdAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=11& ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0&tx=98&ty=63 Landslide http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/environment/naturalhazards/landslides/fig_6_land_slide_movement.jpg&imgrefurl=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english /maps/environment/naturalhazards/landslides/fig_6_land_slide_movement.jpg/image_view&usg=__vPX6XZ9J6zdbGBoUXFe8TKoJNas=&h=437&w=600&sz=50&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=u- 8JbDJFRsbHAM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=155&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dland%2Bslide%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact= hc&vpx=279&vpy=103&dur=891&hovh=192&hovw=263&tx=159&ty=81&ei=_a7aTM_GE4HCnAfYub3eAQ&oei=_a7aTM_GE4HCnAfYub3eAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=11&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/environment/naturalhazards/landslides/fig_6_land_slide_movement.jpg&imgrefurl=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english /maps/environment/naturalhazards/landslides/fig_6_land_slide_movement.jpg/image_view&usg=__vPX6XZ9J6zdbGBoUXFe8TKoJNas=&h=437&w=600&sz=50&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=u- 8JbDJFRsbHAM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=155&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dland%2Bslide%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact= hc&vpx=279&vpy=103&dur=891&hovh=192&hovw=263&tx=159&ty=81&ei=_a7aTM_GE4HCnAfYub3eAQ&oei=_a7aTM_GE4HCnAfYub3eAQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=11&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 Mud slide http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://photos.bigwebguy.net/Travel/Cross-Country-Trip-Sep-2005/1000210r/36015736_evoyd-S- 5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://photos.bigwebguy.net/keyword/mud%2520slide&usg=__l4Xpyh5GTukHC5mhAd1S0T1cDZg=&h=300&w=400&sz=59&hl=en&start=146&zoom=1&tbnid=m6aCHnWbIl5PfM: 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http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://theorientalhotel.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/tectonic-plates.jpg&imgrefurl=http://theorientalhotel.wordpress.com/2010/04/25/thai- tectonic-plates-colliding/&usg=__yUd6ZzlXnGbXJhlF6BK5I03aF_Y=&h=318&w=690&sz=49&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=- NE18Urs2hRc2M:&tbnh=94&tbnw=204&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtectonic%2Bplates%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&i act=rc&dur=391&ei=pK3aTM2CNI39ngeOv9X7Ag&oei=lK3aTNm1IYKsnAee6LneAQ&esq=8&page=1&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0&tx=142&ty=46http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://theorientalhotel.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/tectonic-plates.jpg&imgrefurl=http://theorientalhotel.wordpress.com/2010/04/25/thai- tectonic-plates-colliding/&usg=__yUd6ZzlXnGbXJhlF6BK5I03aF_Y=&h=318&w=690&sz=49&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=- NE18Urs2hRc2M:&tbnh=94&tbnw=204&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtectonic%2Bplates%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&i 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lkcZEM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=212&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dboundaries%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=23 4&ei=yK7aTNqmAZagnAeIn-3dAQ&oei=ua7aTJySEImcnwfdjrneAQ&esq=3&page=1&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0&tx=142&ty=94 Pangaea http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/images/fig83.jpg&imgrefurl=http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/mesozoic/mesozoicbasins.htm&usg=__kPiiXKJoYXwjoTfQtOap7hQA 0V0=&h=300&w=432&sz=53&hl=en&start=10&zoom=1&tbnid=BjBFpJHp57s0xM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=176&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpangaea%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3 D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C307&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=119&vpy=107&dur=47&hovh=187&hovw=270&tx=150&ty=116&ei=Ma3aTPeAJ8zGnAfEq63eAQ&oei=La3aTJiOAZ Kdnwemm_TdAQ&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:10&biw=1058&bih=421 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/images/fig83.jpg&imgrefurl=http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/mesozoic/mesozoicbasins.htm&usg=__kPiiXKJoYXwjoTfQtOap7hQA 0V0=&h=300&w=432&sz=53&hl=en&start=10&zoom=1&tbnid=BjBFpJHp57s0xM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=176&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpangaea%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3 D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C307&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=119&vpy=107&dur=47&hovh=187&hovw=270&tx=150&ty=116&ei=Ma3aTPeAJ8zGnAfEq63eAQ&oei=La3aTJiOAZ Kdnwemm_TdAQ&esq=2&page=2&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:10&biw=1058&bih=421 Alfred Wegener http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uni-graz.at/en/print/igamwww_hp_a-wegener.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uni- graz.at/en/print/igamwww/igamwww_praesentation.htm%3F%3D&usg=__F8kUcDrXRp9jQM9Ys0Fz1-aglLE=&h=251&w=177&sz=6&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=nE9I- UNrSUnflM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalfred%2Bwegener%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1058%26bih%3D421%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact 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