2. Chem 103 Spring, 2016 1) Welcome 2) Sign in roster 3) Take handouts – schedule & info questions – 4) Form & Sit with your Learning/Study Group ~ 3-4 people in a Team (~ 5 teams) 5) Introduce yourself name - class - interests - questions 6) Fill out & hand in seating chart 7) An introduction to Chem 103

4. Best Design ? Best Practices ?

5. Chemistry 103 “An Introduction to Green Materials, Products, Processes and Alternatives” “The (created) future is going to be largely what we design it to be” Paul Anastas, Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 423A

6. 17 Billion Earths ?!

7. What “Color” Will the Future Be for Our Earth?

8. “The world will not evolve past its current state of crisis by using the same thinking that created the situation” A. Einstein

9. Chem 103 BNS & Q Tue, Thur 1:15 - 2:30 pm BC-201 Small class – Your course Some Course Topics Green(er) Chemistry Metrics and measurements Plastics and polymers TSCA reform Case Studies - EPA Presidential Challenge Awards in Green Chemistry

10. “An Introduction to Green Materials, Products, Processes and Alternatives” Introduction Green Materials Products Processes Alternatives

11. Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards 1996 – present www.epa.gov The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge winning technologies annually:Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge 1) Eliminate 826 million pounds of hazardous chemicals and solvents 2) Save over 21 billion gallons of water 3) Eliminate 7.8 billion pounds of carbon dioxide releases to the air

12. What Does It Mean to Be Green ? Each Study Team Complete Activity 1 In your teams talk together about and write down 3 characteristics of green and green chemistry. We will share our responses.

14. GREEN CHEMISTRY What is it ? Nature, 469, 18-20, 2011

15. GREEN CHEMISTRY Sustainable/environmentally benign chemistry is ‘the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances’ Minimize: – waste type and generation – energy use – resource use (maximize efficiency) Maximize utility of: renewable resources Five key areas : feedstocks, reagents, reaction types, reaction conditions, target products

16. For what can Green Chemistry be used? What makes it green ?

17. Michael C. Cann, University of Scranton Examples of Green Chemistry New syntheses of *Ibuprofen, *Januvia, *Lipitor and * Zoloft. Integrated circuit production. Removing Arsenic and Chromate from pressure treated wood. Many new pesticides; *Harpin. New oxidants for bleaching paper and disinfecting water. Getting the lead out of automobile paints. Recyclable carpeting. Replacing VOCs and chlorinated solvents. Lowering of trans fats in oils. Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. Replacing petroleum based polymers with cellulose (ionic liquids). To Be Discovered ! Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Winners (1996-present)

18. GREEN CHEMISTRY “Green chemistry comes at the challenge of sustainability with the recognition that everything we see, touch and feel is a chemical, and as we look at the products and the processes that are the basis of our society and our economy, if we care about sustainability (and) environmental protection - that ranges from energy to the materials that we use - green chemistry shows us how to design things fundamentally so that they're sustainable and environmentally benign.” “The wonderful thing about green chemistry, and people think I’m joking when they ask me how did I come up with this term – green chemistry – I tell them that green is the color of the environment but it also happens to be in the U.S. the color of money. So what we‘re talking about is being able to meet our environmental and economic goals simultaneously.” Paul Anastas, EPA

19. What Questions Do We Ask About What We Make and What We Use ? Now let’s make a list of questions and criteria.

20. What Questions Do We Ask About What We Make and Use ? Performance Criteria What is its purpose ? - what does it do ? What is its structure ? How is it made ? What % yield ? What properties does it have ? How does it perform ? What does it cost to make ? How soon can it get to market ? What profit ($$) can be realized ?

21. What Questions Ought We To Ask About What We Make and What We Use ? Performance Criteria

22. What Questions Ought We To Ask About What We Make and Use ? Performance Criteria What is its structure ? Are any parts toxic ? How is it made ? What feedstocks, reagents, solvents, energy etc. ? What is the atom economy ? What is the “E factor” ? What properties ? Does it persist, bioaccumulate or degrade ? Is it (or any precursors) an irritant, mutagen, terratogen, carcinogen, neurotoxin, reproductive/developmental agent, endocrine disrupter ? How well does it perform ? For how long ? Can we design degradation as a function ? What does it cost to make, to use, to recycle, to upcycle, to dispose of ? How soon can it get to market ? What profit ($$) can be realized ?

23. “Why Aren’t We Asking the Right Questions” ? (Paul Anastas) What Questions Ought We to Ask ? What are the properties and bioproperties of the structure and substructure ? What properties are important in evaluating bioactivity ? What is the behavior of the structure under different environmental conditions ? How does the bioactivity change over the life cycle of product and organism ?

24. Molecular Design Pyramid - Questions 1. Is the substance fat or water soluble ? Is it persistent or bioaccumlative ? 2. Is it volatile, explosive, flammable ? What is the potential for atmospheric transport or deep lung penetration ? 3. What is the Molecular Weight ? 4. Can it become a gas ? 5. What is the charge ? How does this affect physical & biochemical behavior ? 6. How will the shape, structure and composition influence bioavailability and mechanism of action ? 7. Can it across the blood brain barrier ? Can it penetrate lungs, skin, GI tract ? Can it be taken up by cells ? 8. What is the potential for genetic receptor binding ? 9. What is the behavior of the structure under different environmental conditions ? 10. How does the bioactivity change over the life cycle of product and organism ? 11. What are the properties and bioproperties of the structure and substructure ? 12. What properties are important in evaluating bioactivity ? How many “its” are there ?

25. How many chemicals are there ? www.cas.org www.cas.org 1957 < 1 million 1990 10 million 1/1/09 40 million 9/8/09 50 million Today (2015-2016) 100 million + ~ 75,000 (unregulated) chemicals in commercial use ~ 30,000 in common (household) use ~ 3,000 new ones “invented=synthetic” every day ~ 1,500 new chemicals on the market every year Only 5 chemicals have been restricted by the EPA (Of these only 650 are covered by the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) / Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act for companies that process 25,000 lbs or use 10,000 bs/yr)

27. Mission “To advance the broader chemistry enterprise and its practitioners for the benefit of Earth and its people.” The Chemistry Enterprise in 2015 ( A Report of the ACS 2005 ) “By 2015, the chemistry enterprise will be judged under a new paradigm of sustainability. Sustainable operations will become both economically and ethically essential.” https://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/memberapp?_nfpb=true&_ pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node id=1392&use_sec=false

29. Green Chemistry - Principles “As to methods, there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps principles can successfully select his own methods. The man who tries methods, ignoring principles, is sure to have trouble.” Ralph Waldo Emerson

31. The Future – It is up to us 50 % of the products & processes needed in the next 10-25 years have not yet been invented “There are those who look at things the way they are, and ask why.. I dream of things that never were, and ask why not ?” Robert Kennedy “Unless someone like YOU cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not.” The Lorax (Dr. Seuss) QUESTIONS ?

32. Chem 103 Homework # 1 This is a team homework assignment to be presented in class on Thursday Jan., 21, 2016 1)Each team - Take a bagged item Team # 1 = Item # 1 etc., 2)Do some research on your item. Ask questions about it. What is it ? What is it’s purpose ? How is it made ? Is it green ? Not green ? How could it be greener ? 3)As a team do homework # 1 – Due Thursday 1/21/16 See you then !