1. The State of the Art in Biofeedback and Neurofeedback: Where do we stand? Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D. October 16, 2010 Michigan Society for Behavioral Medicine and Biofeedback Annual Conference: Lansing, Michigan

2. Historical Perspective

3. EEG Biofeedback Operant Conditioning (Learning) Based on brain electrical activity Means to navigate “inner” space Means to condition and train the brain Wide range of application areas EEG ranges from 0 to 100 Hz Components include alpha, theta, beta, etc.

4. Current Trends Assessment & Planning Multichannel Protocols / Connectivity Live Z-Score Training EEG & Peripheral Biofeedback DC and Slow Cortical Potentials Energy Neurofeedback Real-World Feedback

5. EEG circa 1925

6. EEG Physiology

8. Cells of the Cerebral Cortex

9. Normal Neuronal Cycle

10. Concentration/Relaxation Cycle

11. EEG Biofeedback Goals Improve Self-Regulation Achieve Flexible & Appropriate Brain States Normalize Connectivity Address Functionality, not Symptoms Provide Lasting Change

12. Live Z-Score Training

13. Multichannel Assessment / Training

14. Advanced Protocols

15. Z-Plus

16. Z-Bars Delta Absolute Power 19 channels

17. Z-Bars Delta Coherence 19-channel

18. Live Topographic Maps

19. Planetary Analogy Targets = “sun” Z-Scores = “planets” PZOK = “how many planets are within the defined range PZMO = “what is the tendency to move inward” (gravity) PZME = “how far are they on average (size of solar system) GOAL: A compact (normal) solar system

20. Sun and Planets

21. EEG & Peripheral Training

22. DC / Slow Cortical Potentials Very slow (< 1.0 Hz) signals Reflect Brain Activation Glial Cells (10x more than neurons) Research in Europe, Germany Clinical, BCI applications Relatively new in USA Historically very costly

23. F3 F4 P3 P4 DC/SCP

24. Energy Neurofeedback Low, Medium, High levels Emphasis on Assessment & Planning Feedback generally brief Facilitates change Nonvolitional mechanisms Exact mechanisms may be unknown

25. Real-World Feedback

27. Future Horizons More General Acceptance of EEG BF Clinical Outcome Studies Improved Assessment & Training Methods Safe, non-drug approach Employs innate ability of brain to self- regulate Migration to home, school, office