1. Argument & MLA WHAT TO SAY AND HOW TO SAY IT

2. Today - - - DOL STRUCTURE OF ARGUMENT MLA FORMATTING

3. DOL between the four of we students only one have wrote a paper that is different than the other 3 have you read cranes short story mystery of heroism for todays class craig asked

4. Argument is - - -  A combination of statements intended to change the minds of and therefore the behavior of other people.  It requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

5. DOL between the four of we students only one have wrote a paper that is different than the other 3 have you read cranes short story mystery of heroism for todays class craig asked

6. Three types of statements in an argument  The premise  A statement meant to be taken as fact  Fracking is causing earth quakes in Irving.  The conclusion ( your hypothesis )  The statement you want people to agree with  The government should ban fracking.  The inference  Statements that tie the conclusion and premise together  If the government does not ban fracking, Irving will become an earth quake zone and our houses will fall down.

7. DOL between the four of we students only one have wrote a paper that is different than the other 3 have you read cranes short story mystery of heroism for todays class craig asked

8. The Introduction  A clear and concise thesis statement  Context (a quick and general review of the topic)  A rational for why the audience should care about this topic – why is it important

9. DOL between the four of we students only one have wrote a paper that is different than the other 3 have you read cranes short story mystery of heroism for todays class craig asked

10. Each point should include - - -  Assertion (what point is being made)  Proofs – the paraphrased data – quotes & summaries that support the point  Explain – 1)how does the proof support the assertion (point) 2) how does the assertion support the thesis  Shift to the next point

11. DOL between the four of we students only one have wrote a paper that is different than the other 3 have you read cranes short story mystery of heroism for todays class craig asked

12. In the conclusion  Synthesize the data – bring it together into a convincing chain of logic  Restate the importance of the topic  Review the main points  Restate the thesis

13. A riddle for you What English word begins and ends with the same three letters?

14. DOL between the four of we students only one have wrote a paper that is different than the other 3 have you read cranes short story mystery of heroism for todays class craig asked

15. DOL - Corrections Among the four of us students, only one has written a paper that is different from the other three. “Have you read Crane’s short story “Mystery of Heroism” for today’s class?” Craig asked.

16. The Structure of Argument HOW TO PUT THE IDEAS TOGETHER

17. Argument is - - -  A combination of statements intended to change the minds of and therefore the behavior of other people.  It requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

18. Three types of statements in an argument  The premise  A statement meant to be taken as fact  Fracking is causing earth quakes in Irving.  The conclusion ( your hypothesis )  The statement you want people to agree with  The government should ban fracking.  The inference  Statements that tie the conclusion and premise together  If the government does not ban fracking, Irving will become an earth quake zone and our houses will fall down.

19. The Introduction  A clear and concise thesis statement – the conclusion of your research  Context (a quick and general review of the topic)  A rational for why the audience should care about this topic – why is it important

20. Each point should include - - -  Assertion (what point is being made)  Proofs – the paraphrased data – quotes & summaries that support the point  Explain – 1) how does the proof support the assertion (point) 2) how does the assertion support the thesis  Shift to the next point

21. In the conclusion  Synthesize the data – bring it together into a convincing chain of logic  Restate the importance of the topic  Review the main points  Restate the thesis

22. MLA JUST THE BASICS

23. MLA formatting – unless otherwise specified 8.5 x 11 - inch Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are recognizable one from another. The font size should be 12 pt. Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor). Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides. Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times. Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one- half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis. Use a separate page for your Works Cited page titled Works Cited.

24. The first page - - - Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested. In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking" Double space between the title and the first line of the text. Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)

25. Take a look - -

26. Essay Headings  MLA recommends that when you divide an essay into sections that you number those sections with an Arabic number and a period followed by a space and the section name. 1. Early Writings 2. The London Years 3. Traveling the Continent 4. Final Years

27. Works Cited Page - basics  Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper.  Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page.  Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.  Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent.  List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as 225-50. Note that MLA style uses a hyphen in a span of pages.

28. Works Cited since 2009  State the Medium of Publication. Most entries will likely be listed as Print or Web sources, but other possibilities may include Film, CD-ROM, or DVD.  Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your instructor or publisher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. For long URLs, break lines only at slashes.  If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. Capitalization and punctuation  Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.  New to MLA 2009 : Use italics for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)

29. Works Cited and Authors’ Names  Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name: Burke, Kenneth Levy, David M. Wallace, David Foster  Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John"; do, however, include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr." Here the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma.

30. Works Cited and Authors’ Names More than one work by an author  If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every entry after the first: Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. [...] ---. A Rhetoric of Motives. [...]  When an author or collection editor appears both as the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first: Heller, Steven, ed. The Education of an E-Designer. Heller, Steven, and Karen Pomeroy. Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design.

31. What if there is no author?  Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citations in your paper. In this case, Boring Postcards USA has no known author: Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulations. [...] Boring Postcards USA. [...] Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives. [...]

32. example Flath 26 Works Cited "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009. Ebert, Roger. "An Inconvenient Truth." Rev. of An Inconvenient Truth, dir. Davis Guggenheim. rogerebert.com. Sun-Times News Group, 2 June 2006. Web. 24 May 2009. GlobalWarming.org. Cooler Heads Coalition, 2007. Web. 24 May 2009. Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction: Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14.1 (2007): 27-36. Print.