1. Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor (419) 530-2634 Jhayden@UTnet.UToledo.edu EEES 4410/5410 Hydrogeology EEES 4410/5410

2. Earth materials Rock Sediment (Soil) Fluids (Water) Geologic processes Form, Transform and Distribute (redistribute) Earth materials  Water is a primary agent of many (all?) geologic processes Hydrogeology Defined WaterEarth

3. Hydrogeology Defined Water Earth Interactions go both ways  Groundwater controls geologic processes.  Geology controls flow and availability of groundwater.  Interactions

4. Hydrogeology Defined Water  Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials. E.g., Artesian (confined) aquifer Shale Sandstone

5. Hydrogeology Defined Water  Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials. Groundwater availability is controlled by geology.

6. Hydrogeology Defined Water  Earth Interactions Geology controls groundwater flow Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials. Groundwater availability is controlled by geology. Subsurface contaminant transport in is controlled by geology. Geology controls groundwater flow Permeable pathways are controlled by distributions of geological materials. Groundwater availability is controlled by geology. Subsurface contaminant transport in is controlled by geology.

7. Hydrogeology Defined Water  Earth Interactions Groundwater controls geologic processes Igneous Rocks: Groundwater controls water content of magmas. Metamorphic Rocks: Metasomatism (change in composition) is controlled by superheated pore fluids. Volcanism: Geysers are an example of volcanic activity interacting with groundwater.

8. Hydrogeology Defined Water  Earth Interactions Groundwater controls geologic processes Landforms: Valley development and karst topography are examples of groundwater geomorphology. Landslides: Groundwater controls slope failure. Earthquakes: Fluids control fracturing, fault movement, lubrication and pressures.

9. Hydrogeology Subdisciplines Water resource evaluation What controls how much groundwater is stored and can be safely extracted? What controls where groundwater comes from and where it flows? What controls natural water quality: natural interactions with geological materials control the chemistry of groundwater? How can we protect groundwater recharge areas and groundwater reservoirs from contamination and depletion? Water resource evaluation What controls how much groundwater is stored and can be safely extracted? What controls where groundwater comes from and where it flows? What controls natural water quality: natural interactions with geological materials control the chemistry of groundwater? How can we protect groundwater recharge areas and groundwater reservoirs from contamination and depletion?

10. Hydrogeology Subdisciplines Contaminant Hydrogeology Anthropogenic effects: degradation of water quality due to human influences (contamination) How fast are dissolved contaminants carried by groundwater? Transport pathways of contaminants: Where are sources of contamination impacting the groundwater, where are the going and what are the destinations? Remediation (clean-up) of contaminants dissolved in the groundwater.

11. Ohio Groundwater Law 1843: Acton v. Blundell “English Rule” The landowner can pump groundwater at any rate even if an adjoining property owner were harmed. 1843: Acton v. Blundell “English Rule” The landowner can pump groundwater at any rate even if an adjoining property owner were harmed. 1861: Frazier v. Brown English Rule in Ohio Groundwater is “…occult and concealed…” and legislation of its use is “…practically impossible.” 1861: Frazier v. Brown English Rule in Ohio Groundwater is “…occult and concealed…” and legislation of its use is “…practically impossible.”

12. Wisconsin Groundwater Law 1903: Huber v. Merkel English Rule in Wisconsin A property owner can pump unlimited amounts of groundwater, even with malicious harm to a neighbor. 1903: Huber v. Merkel English Rule in Wisconsin A property owner can pump unlimited amounts of groundwater, even with malicious harm to a neighbor. 1974: Wisconsin v. Michels Pipeline Constructors Inc. English Rule Overturned Landowners no longer have “an absolute right to use with impunity all water that can be pumped from the subsoil underneath.” 1974: Wisconsin v. Michels Pipeline Constructors Inc. English Rule Overturned Landowners no longer have “an absolute right to use with impunity all water that can be pumped from the subsoil underneath.”

13. English Rule Overturned in Ohio 1984: Cline v. American Aggregates English Rule overturned in Ohio Justice Holmes: “Scientific knowledge in the field of hydrology has advanced in the past decade…” so it “…can establish the cause and effect relationship of the tapping of underground water to the existing water level.” 1984: Cline v. American Aggregates English Rule overturned in Ohio Justice Holmes: “Scientific knowledge in the field of hydrology has advanced in the past decade…” so it “…can establish the cause and effect relationship of the tapping of underground water to the existing water level.” Today: Lingering effects of English Rule It is very difficult to prove cause and effect to be defensible in court. Today: Lingering effects of English Rule It is very difficult to prove cause and effect to be defensible in court.