1. Clinical Pharmacology of Diuretics

2. DIURETIC DRUGS  diuretics are considered to be substances that aid in removing excess extracellular fluid and electrolytes. In the main, they accomplish this by decreasing salt and water reabsorption in the tubules. The different types of diuretic drugs are  Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors  Loop diuretics  Osmotic diuretics  Potassium-sparing diuretics  Thiazides and related diuretics

4. DIURETIC DRUGS  Diuretics relieve pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema. These agents are useful in reducing the symptoms of volume overload, including orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Diuretics decrease plasma volume and subsequently decrease venous return to the heart (preload). This decrease the cardiac workload and oxygen demand. Diuretics also decrease afterload by reducing plasma volume, thus decreasing blood pressure.

5. Indications to use

6. Thiazide and Related Diuretics

10. Thiazide Diuretics

11. Loop Diuretics

15.  Loop diuretics are the diuretics of choice when rapid effects are required (eg, in pulmonary edema) and when renal function is impaired (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/minute).

16. Loop Diuretics

18. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

23. Potassium-sparing diuretics

24. Osmotic diuretics

26. Digoxin and diuretics  When digoxin and diuretics are given concomitantly, as is common for clients with heart failure, the risk of digoxin toxicity is increased. Digoxin toxicity is related to diureticinduced hypokalemia.