1. SHiP target and target complex Plans and perspectives M. Calviani, A. Perillo-Marcone (EN/STI) 7 th SHiP Collaboration Meeting 10 th February 2016

2. Outline  Recall of SHiP target configuration  Target Complex critical aspects  Material irradiation plans for the next phase  Ongoing R&D on target materials  He-vessel prototyping and requirements  Shielding blocks for target complex  Conclusions 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 2

3. Recall of SHiP target configuration  SHiP target is a high pulse intensity “spallation” target  90% of the beam energy (2.56 MJ) is deposited in the target  SC-averaged beam power (355 kW) similar to SNS and JSNS  Pulse-averaged power is similar to ESS (2.6 MW), but more challenging due to high intensity pulse Baseline Beamprotons Momentum [GeV/c]400 Beam Intensity [10 13 p/cycle]4.0 Magnetic cycle length [s]7.2 Spill duration [s]1.0 Expected r.m.s. spot size (H/V) [mm]6/6 Average beam power on target (deposited) [kW]355 (320) Average beam power on target during spill (deposited) [kW]2560 (2300) 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 3

4. SHiP CDR target overview  Target is the single most critical component of the target complex  10  nuclear int. length long production target  High-Z target, hybrid solution composed of TZM (Moly alloy) & pure W  30x30 cm 2, segmented target  58 cm TZM (13 layers) + 58 cm W (4 layers)  Water cooled (in CDR) to dissipate the ~320 kW energy deposition  O(85 mm) water gaps 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 4

5. SHiP vs. CHARM vs. DONUT beam DONUT *CHARM **SHiP Target materialW-alloy Cu (variable  ) TZM + pure W Momentum (GeV/c)800400 Intensity0.8*10 13 1.3*10 13 4*10 13 Pulse length (s)2023*10 -6 1 Rep. rate (s)60~107.2 Beam energy (kJ)10208302560 Avg. beam power (spill) (kW)513.4*10 7 (fast)2560 Avg. beam power (SC) (kW)1769355 POT (total)Few 10 17 Few 10 18 2*10 20 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 5 Recall from my presentation at 4 th SHiP CB https://edms.cern.ch/document/1465053/1.0 * http://www-donut.fnal.gov/http://www-donut.fnal.gov/ ** http://cds.cern.ch/record/205527/files/CM-P00068733.pdf?version=1http://cds.cern.ch/record/205527/files/CM-P00068733.pdf?version=1

6. SHiP target CD 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 6 External containment Internal containment Longitudinal cross-cut Handling and support tools

7. Critical aspects for the SHiP target 1.Material irradiation and change of mechanical properties with radiation 2.Cladding of TZM and W with a corrosion resistant material capable of withstanding radiation and high velocity water flow 3.Pressurized vessel up to 20 bar to avoid water boiling in contact with target 4.Constraints for maximum water gaps imposed by physics 5.Very high residual dose rates in case of problems/failures 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 7

8. SHiP target complex key points  Large target station, required to cope with significant shielding (600 m 3 )  He-vessel containing the shielding blocks  Large space required for CV equipment and associated services 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 8

9. Target design further optimisations  Water-cooled target:  Further iterations will be required to provide a tentative design for the circuit, potential issues and integration  Validation of the cooling circuit with further CFD analysis  He-cooling target design:  In an eventual Comprehensive Design phase, the feasibility of a He-cooled target shall be assessed  Significant advantages from a radiation protection point of view, erosion and corrosion over a water-cooled design  Less experience available at CERN (for operation), R&D and prototype required  Possible synergies with ESS 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 9

10. Target material irradiation  Evolution of material properties under long-term radiation damage shall be taken into account  DPA, gas production, swelling, tensile and compressive strength, fatigue, etc.  Need to design the target with sufficient margins – CRITICAL for the design of the SHiP target  Need to have a representative irradiation field  High energy proton beam (no ions, no low energy protons)  Possibility to investigate triple beam configurations to avoid material activation (UK Universities) 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 10

11. Target material irradiation  PSI/SINQ (CH):  Long delays to get results, as irradiation is parasitic to operation of SINQ target – 4-5 years before getting results  Irradiation at 800 MeV  Could be part of in-kind contribution (??)  If results by ~2021 we need to be in the next irradiation run (2017) so samples must be prepared before summer 2016 (!)  BNL/BLIP (US):  Irradiation parallel to isotope production, 200 MeV  Analysis could be quicker (~1 year)  Budget required 0.5-0.75 MCHF depending on the analysis required  Contacts already established for both solutions 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 11

12. Thermal shocks in targets  We are currently designing a new antiproton production target for AD  Designed a dedicated experiment in HiRadMat to probe high-Z material response to high intensity beams (HRMT-27) See also: https://indico.cern.ch/event/462767/contribution/82/1/attachments/ 1190749/1728744/mc__HiRadMat_27_IEFC_20Nov2015.pptx https://indico.cern.ch/event/462767/contribution/82/1/attachments/ 1190749/1728744/mc__HiRadMat_27_IEFC_20Nov2015.pptx 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 12

13. 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 13 PRELIMINARY RESULTS

14. Thermal shocks in targets (HRMT-27)  Lots of interesting data collected, which will be useful also for the analysis of SHiP, in terms of shockwave response  Impacts are not accident scenario, but real operational conditions  Conditions are different (fast vs. slow extraction), so a dedicated experiment could/should be also foreseen for a SHiP target prototype  Some further analysis required as no slow extraction available 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 14

15. Spallation targets and R&D at CERN  EN/STI is current redesigning the n_TOF spallation target – 3 rd generation target  Focusing analysis on Ta-cladded target materials, for which prototyping and work with EN/MME is ongoing EDMS 1566868  This work will pave the way for a dedicated SHiP R&D – cladding, assembly, sizes, etc. 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 15

16. Additional R&D on exotic materials  TFGR (toughened, fine grained, recrystallized) W with 1.1% TiC  Improves on many properties under irradiation  Very exotic material, only developed at a University scale in Japan, but very promising in many aspects  Already identified in the TP phase, but with our JP contacts being further developed for macroscopic sizes 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 16

17. Target Complex integration 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 17  More advanced integration studies of the target complex will be needed at the early phase of a CD phase, to assess (among others):  Target and shielding remote handling aspects  Space for critical installation such as CV, shielding, access to the muon pit, EL infrastructure, etc.  Target complex ventilation design and activated air treatment  Advanced design of He vessel and integration with primary line  Shielding blocks optimisation and reuse of existing activated blocks (see later)  Easy access in case of failure/intervention + dismantling for future disposal (or target upgrade if any)  Allow for a more concrete civil engineering design baseline

18. Shielding blocks design R&D  SHiP target proximity shielding requires water- cooling – baseline is cast iron blocks with embedded SS pipes  R&D prototype should be launched to assess feasibility and quality of contact between SS and Fe  Magnetisation possible? 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 18

19. Helium vessel and circulation system design  Critical aspect of SHiP target complex  Online purification system, to allow maintaining He purity at high level during operation despite outgassing from blocks  In the framework of CENF, detailed study with Air Liquide  Propose an R&D activity in the Neutrino Platform, of great interest for SHiP as well (https://edms.cern.ch/document/1563871/1.0 )https://edms.cern.ch/document/1563871/1.0 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 19

20. Recovery of iron shielding blocks (WANF and RW storage)  SHiP shielding requires almost 600 m 3 of cast iron blocks – ~10 MCHF price tag  Possible ways of containing price tag, to be investigated in details in a CD phase:  Recovery of activated shielding blocks from RP/RW from past installation (WANF, TCC8, etc.)  Dismounting of WANF primary dump (a project in itself, but that would be a good occasion) 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 20

21. Conclusions and next steps  We have identified the key critical points to be further investigated in the Comprehensive Design phase  Further development and involvement will depend on the feedback of March RB and availability of resources  Request in the TP are 1.64 MCHF (including fellows) and 2.5 FTE  Details and priorities will follow after the Research Board March session 10th February 2016 M. Calviani - SHiP Target and Target Complex plans - SHiP 7th Collaboration Meeting 21

22. Thanks