1. National Geospatial Reference Frameworks to Geocode Official Statistics Andreas Busch Working Party Meeting Geographical Information for Statistics 18.-19.03.2014

2. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 2 Motivation for Some Basics … Coordinates: Latitude 50°00'28" Longitude 8°39'12" Coordinate Reference Systems: ETRS89 DHDN ED50 From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

3. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 3  ISO 19111  Datum defines how the CRS is related to the earth position of the origin scale orientation of coordinate axis  Coordinate System mathematical part of CRS Cartesian coordinates ellipsoidal coordinates coordinates of a map projection (planar, two-dimensional), e.g. UTM set of rules, e.g. projection equations Definition Coordinate Reference System (CRS) From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

4. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 4 Coordinate Reference System (CRS) planar, two-dimensional (map projection) x / y N / E 3D-Cartesian X / Y / Z ellipsoidal Lat / Lon / h From slides of Jens Luthardt, BKG

5. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 5 Ellipsoid Earth Origin Area of Approximation From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

6. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 6 Airy 1830Great Britain Airy ModifiedIreland Bessel 1841Germany Bessel NGO 1948Norway Clark 1880 IGNFrance GRS 67Hungary Hayford 1909Finland Krassovsky 1940Romania  Historic / classic: Classic methods: theodolite, astronomy Confined to the territory of one country mostly Ellipsoids: Coordinate Reference System in Europe From slides of Jens Luthardt, BKG

7. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 7  Reference of Longitude 0° / Meridian of Origin Meridian of Origin Greenwich0° Ferro17°40' west of Greenwich, most western Canary island Oslo10°43'22.5" east of Greenwich Paris 2°20'14.025" east of Greenwich Rom12°27'08.400" east of Greenwich Lisboa 8°07'54.862" west of Greenwich From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

8. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 8  At present Satellite geodesy Global Navigation Satellite System – GNSS satellite laser ranging, lunar laser ranging other geodetic space techniques, e.g. Very Long Baseline Interferometry – VLBI Continental and global reference systems Stations for permanent observations / measurements Coordinate Reference System in Europe

9. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 9 ETRS89 European Terrestrial Reference System 1989

10. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 10  Ellipsoid: GRS80  Meridian of Origin: Greenwich  Coordinate Systems ETRS89_XYZ ETRS89_Lat-Lon ETRS89_UTM or ETRS89_TM zn … zone number ETRS89_LCCconical Lambert projection(s) ETRS89_LAEA Lambert azimuthal equal area projection ETRS89 European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

11. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 11 Terrestrial Reference Frames ETRF GREF ITRF

12. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 12 Paramaters of Ellipsoids Name Semi-major axis (m) Flattening factor 1/f Bessel 18416377397.155299.1528128 International 1924 (Hayford 1909) 6378388.297. Krassowski 19406378245.298.3 GRS676378160.298.247167427 WGS726378135.298.26 WGS846378137.298.257223563 GRS806378137.298.257222101 IERS20106378136.6298.25642 From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

13. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 13 Helmert Transformation From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

14. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 14  7 parameters 3 translational displacement / shifting 3 rotations 1 scale factor Helmert Transformation From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

15. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 15 Coordinate Reference System in Europe: www.crs-geo.euwww.crs-geo.eu From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

16. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 16 Coordinate Reference System in Europe: www.crs-geo.euwww.crs-geo.eu

17. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 17 Coordinate Reference System in Europe From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG

18. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 18  Properties of statistical data utilizable for geo-referencing: Geographical coordinates (GPS coordinates)  usually not collected (?) Geographical names (names of settlements, buildings,..)  generally understandable, but not identical Addresses Thematic unique identifiers  abstract, unique...  A lot of statistical data is collected based on administrative units Properties: name and unique identifiers Most effective geo-referencing: link statistical information to the geographical representations (polygon or centre point) of administrative units by unique identifiers Geo-referencing of Statistical Data From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG

19. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 19 Example Germany Statistical data: Statistisches Bundesamt (DESTATIS) Geographical data: Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) Linkage via unique identifier Regionalschlüssel From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG

20. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 20 Example Europe Statistical data: National Statistical Institutes (NSI) Geographical data: National Mapping and Cadastral Agency (NMCA) Linkage via unique identifiers Eurostat EuroGeographics EuroBoundaryMap All European administrative units with names and identifiers Managed by BKG NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Maintained by Eurostat From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG

21. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 21  Not stable (but changes are well documented)  Hierarchical structure of administrative units differs between countries (sometimes also within countries)  NUTS classification defined by Eurostat to create comparable units  Ongoing process to simplify public administration (merging of units)  loss of granularity Challenges of administrative units as base of statistical data From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG

22. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 22  Advantages: identical size of grid cells hierarchically structured stable …  Needed: geo-referenced point datasets with high spatial accuracy  NMCAs provide for geo-referenced point datasets: Address registers Buildings Points of interest …  Change of CRS – change of grid Challenges of statistical grids From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG

23. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 23  According to §14 of the E-Government-Law (EGovG) geocoding has to be done for the following registers from 1 st of January 2015 on: all electronic registers with reference to cadastral parcels / real estate built new or revised with data gathered or stored due to legal provisions of the Federal Republic of Germany New Legal Assignment in Germany From slide of Jürgen Walther, BKG

24. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 24 Geo-referenced Buildings and Addresses by Coordinates

25. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 25  Exact geocoding of addresses needs a reference dataset including the following information: Postal addresses with complete information (see example below) Coordinates of the building location  The Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy provides a reference dataset for geocoding of addresses which is based on data from the Laender (German federal states) mostly. Licensed for federal governmental use Implementation X,Y From slide of Jürgen Walther, BKG

26. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 26 Implementation Internet Geocoding application of the BKG Geocoding service of BKG address (street, house number, postcode, place) geocoded address incl. coordinates (street, house number, postcode, place, X, Y) Register (start) Result (geocoded addresses) (end) pseudonymisation From slide of Jürgen Walther, BKG

27. Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18.03.2014 ׀ Slide 27 Thank you for your kind attention! Contact: Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy) Section GI 2 – International Affairs Richard-Strauss-Allee 11 60598 Frankfurt Contact person: Dr.-Ing. Andreas Busch, Head of Section GI 2 andreas.busch@bkg.bund.de www.bkg.bund.de Tel. +49 (0) 69 6333-312