1. Toxics Use Reduction Institute Facility Maintenance Using Biobased Materials: Opportunities to Green Your Cleaning Case Study Conducted at Edith Nurse VA Medical Center Bedford, MA 2007 Jason Marshall, ScD Laboratory Director

2. Why Biobased Products May 2002, Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act (Public Law 107-17) –Federal agencies are mandated by this law to purchase and promote the purchase of biobased products United States Department of Agriculture –Memorandum in January of 2005 –Establishing the USDA biobased procurement program –Intent to increase the purchase and use of biobased products by Federal Government

3. What is Biobased A biobased product as defined by the Secretary of Agriculture –To be a commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that is composed, in whole or in significant part, of biological products or renewable domestic agricultural materials (including plant, animal, and marine materials) or forestry materials. www.ofee.gov/gp/USDA_Secretary's_Memo.pdf

4. Whole or Significant Part What does that really mean? Lab set up four categories –Whole100% –Significant≥50% –Partial≥25% –Minimal<25% must be greater than 0% This is where we want to be

5. Biobased Sources General source of materials in products –Soy –Corn –Plant –Citrus –Other

6. Find Out What Your Potential Applications Are Identify areas for using biobased products –All purpose cleaning –Hard surface cleaning –Glass Cleaning –Carpet Cleaning –Floor finish & stripping –Vehicle maintenance

7. Compare Current Products with Alternatives Evaluate traditional cleaning products for performance under controlled setting Evaluated bio-based alternatives under laboratory conditions as well –Green Seal GS37 certification process Industrial and Institutional Cleaners http://www.greenseal.org/certification/standards/gs37.pdf –Green Seal GS40 Industrial & Institutional Floor-Care Products http://www.greenseal.org/certification/standards/gs40.pdf

8. Start Small Pilot Possibilities –Floor Stripping and Cleaning

9. Process I Floor Finish Stripping Product Identification Lab Testing Field Testing Evaluate EH&S Evaluate Economics Recommendations for Change

10. Biobased Product Identification Floor Finish Stripping Existing biobased floor strippers –Not many out there Lab’s website: www.cleanersolutions.org –Wax removal –Coating removal Web Search

11. Lab’s Website

12. Partial List of Possible Floor Finish Strippers

13. Product Profile

14. Lab Testing Floor Finish Stripping Bench scale testing –Preliminary screening –Manual wipe –Mechanical abrasion Pre-pilot testing –Floor stripping machine

15. Screening Floor Finish Stripping Identified over 50 possible biobased products Established a screening process to aid in the identification of products that may be effective –Necessary as many of the identified products were not manufactured for floor stripping applications –Generally designed to remove other types of coating systems

16. Screening Results Floor Finish Stripping Reduced the number of possible products down to 20 –Half of were very effective –Half were partially successful

17. Bench Testing Floor Finish Stripping Vinyl composition floor tile Scrub pad Stripping was performed at 175 rpm –Using pad attached to variable speed drill 15 effective products –Some had strong odors

18. Bench Testing Results Floor Finish Stripper ManufacturerProduct Franmar ChemicalSoy Strip Franmar ChemicalSoy Gel SoySafeSoySafe Graffiti Remover Vertec BioSolventsHousehold Paint Stripper SpartanGreen Solutions SpartanGreen Solutions The Clean Environment CoCycle-Strip EcolinkSafe Strip Inland Technologies IncEP 921 Finger Lakes ChemicalPine Strip Green ProductsaMAIZeing

19. Lab Testing Floor Finish Stripping Testing with dilutions and full strength –Included newly received products Testing process in the laboratory was closely matched with typical stripping process Odor evaluations

20. Field Testing Floor Finish Stripping Top performers were evaluateed on site –Work completed by VA staff –Was witnessed by Lab staff to help with objectivity Survey workers –During stripping with existing solvent –With biobased alternative

21. Evaluation Form For Janitorial Cleaning User Name: Location Used: Square footage cleaned: Name of Product: Product Manufacturer: Section I: Surfaces Cleaned □ Appliances □ Carpets □ Countertops □ Ovens □ Furniture such as desks and chairs (specify type, if possible): □ Fixtures (faucets, etc.) □ Hardwood floors □ Laundry □ Marble or ceramic □ Tiles of any other kind □ Mirrors and glass □ Toilet, sink or tub (porcelain/fiberglass) □ Windows □ Other (describe): Section II: Soils Removed □ Dirt □ Dust □ Food □ Fingerprints □ Grease/grime □ Personal care products such as hair spray, etc. (please specify): □ Scuff marks □ Soap scum □ Stains (please specify): □ Floor coating/wax □ Other (describe):

22. Evaluation Form Section III: Cleaning Methods Application: □ Wipe □ Scrub (manual) □ Soak □ Spray □ Mechanical agitation □ Other (describe): Supplies Used: □ Cloth □ Paper towel □ Mop □ Pad (describe): □ Other (describe): Cleaning Time (in minutes): Cleaning Cycle (daily, weekly, etc.): Performance Comparison: Yes No 1. Does this product perform satisfactorily overall? □ □ 2. Does this product take longer than normal? □ □ 3. Does this product require more effort to achieve needed level of cleaning? □ □ Health Comparison: Yes No 1. Does this product have any unpleasant odor? □ □ 2. Are there any skin problems with this product? □ □ 3. Is there any eye irritation with this product? □ □ 4. Is there any respiratory reaction to this product? □ □ ANY OTHER ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:

23. EH & S Comparisons Current Product Top alternative products evaluated in the lab and on-site –SSL’s Safety Screening –TURI’s Pollution Prevention Options Analysis System (P2OASys)

24. Lab Safety Screening EHS analysis –Provides quick screening of cleaning alternatives based on SSL’s 5 parameters Weighted equally –Volatile Organic Content –Global Warming Potential –Ozone Depletion Potential –National Fire Protection Association hazard rating or Hazardous Material Information System ratings –pH

25. Safety Screening Example of Floor Finish Stripping Safety Screening Values VOCGWPODP HMIS/NFPA pH Total Score Rank ProductsHFR50 max 1 = best ProStripper (non-bio)2500030012.1296 Super Stripper2630010011.8381 EnviroCare Floor Stripper2500012010.6373 Whistle Jet Cleaner1140011012.3373 Super Orange Jel1530010012.2381 Cycle Strip2000010012.4365

26. Safety Screening Should not be concluded from these results alone that all biobased products are safer with respect to EHS A full EHS study should be conducted on the products with better Safety Screening Scores –P2OASys –TURI’s 5 Chemical Assessment

27. Pollution Prevention Options Assessment System P2OASys –Helps companies determine if TUR options being considered have any unforeseen negative environmental, worker or public health impacts –Specific process information used to establish baseline of hazards associated with current system

28. P2OASys Criteria Major CategoryNumber of Criteria Acute human effects10 Chronic human effects8 Physical hazards5 Aquatic hazards5 Persistence/bioaccumulation5 Atmospheric hazard4 Disposal hazard4 Chemical hazard13 Energy & resource use3 Product hazard3 Exposure potential1

29. P2OASys Example Summary Table of Floor Finish Strippers P2OASys Category Pro Stripper Super Stripper EnviroCare Floor Stripper Whistle Jet Cleaner Super Orange Jel Cycle Strip Acute human effects 6668610 Chronic human effects 422222 Physical hazards ND Aquatic hazard 2ND2422 Persistence/ bioaccumulation 556775 Atmospheric hazard 222222 Disposal hazard ND24222 Chemical hazard 888888 Energy/resource use 644444 Product hazard 622222 Exposure potential 666666 Final 453742454143 Weighted Final; 10 worst 5.004.114.24.504.104.30 Ranking; 1 = best 623514 ND = no data

30. Two Systems Comparison ProductSSLP2OAYSys ProStripper (current)66 Super Stripper12 EnviroCare Floor Stripper33 Whistle Jet Cleaner35 Super Orange Jel11 Cycle Strip54

31. Evaluate Economics Product cost –Current solvent Operating cost –Initial biobased alternatives required longer times Some needed to be heated –New project identified products that operated under same conditions as current product Environmental cost –Current solvent’s components linked to significant negative health, safety, and environmental impacts

32. Cost Comparisons Example Floor Finish Stripping Purchase Cost $ Cost based on Dilution Ratios Show Place FinishTimesaver Finish Product 4 - 1 gallon bottles Dilution ratio Cost / gal % Increase over current cost Dilution ratio Cost / gal % Increase over current cost ProStripper381:41.90--1:41.90-- Super Stripper451:32.81481:4*2.2518 EnviroCare Floor Stripper107NTNA 1:36.72253 Whistle Jet Cleaner1301:10NENA1:10NENA Super Orange Jel1151:10NENA1:5NENA Cycle Strip57.311:24.781511:33.5889 NA - not applicable; NE - not effective *Testing not completed on-site, but assumed to be effective at this dilution based on laboratory testing

33. Summary Floor Finish Stripping Assessment Criteria Pro Stripper reference Technical Biobased content0% Dilution Used1:4 Time to clean10-15 minutes OdorStrong Lab PerformanceEffective Field PerformanceEffective Environmental SSL Safety Screening29/50 P2OASys5.00/10.00 Economic Costs Direct Cost $38 for 4-1 gallon bottles Dilution Cost$1.90/gallon Purchasing Preferences AbilityOne Program – JWOD or SDVOB / SVO supplied On JWOD list Super Stripper EnviroCare Floor Stripper Cycle Strip +++ --- === +++ === +-- +++ +++ --- =/--- ---

34. Process II Hard Surface Cleaning Product Identification Lab Testing Field Testing Evaluate EH&S Evaluate Economics Recommendations for Change

35. Laboratory Testing Hard Surface Cleaning Identified cleaning products –Diluted to the vendor recommended concentrations for all purpose cleaning –Fiberglass and plastic coupons –All Purpose Soil SSL Soil #3: Hucker’s Soil –Manual cleaning process Gardner Straight Line Washability unit

36. Overall Summary Hard Surface Cleaning Assessment Criteria Current Products Technical Biobased content0% ++++++++++++ Dilution Used1:12.8N/A ++-++++----- Time to clean5 minutes ============ OdorStrong =-+++-++++++ Lab PerformanceEffective =-+-==++ +/= +- NT Field PerformanceEffective +-=--=-+=/-- - Environmental SSL Safety Screening -48/50 -=-----+==-- 38/50+ +++++-++++++ P2OASys -3.5/10 --+=----===- 5.22/10+ ++++++++++++ Economic Costs Direct Cost$20 /galN/A ++ =/- + +-+---- Purchasing Preferences AbilityOne Program – JWOD or SDVOB / SVO supplied Available -====------- Wexcide 128 Wexpro Neutral Cleaner Bio Kleen 130 EC Neutral Disinfectant EC Tough Job 4539 Low foam all purpose Washroom cleaner Restroom Cleaner Tribase Super Citrus Cleaner N-46 SC Multi Surface SC Bathroom SC Floor Tile Odor Ex

37. Future Work Several projects that could be conducted to increase the amount of biobased products being purchased –Evaluation of biobased floor finish or other “green” finish can be tested So that lower dilutions of biobased floor strippers could be used effectively thus reducing operating costs further –The expansion of biobased cleaning products beyond the floor finish stripping and hard surface cleaners would be a logical next step Glass cleaning Bathroom cleaning All purpose cleaning activities Cleaning of equipment and transport vehicles during maintenance and repairs

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