1. Tuesday/Easter homework Look on: psych205>teacherspage>elle>homework

2. Today Intro to Biological Rhythms How to highlight- learning and study skills

3. Biological Rhythms and Sleep (unit 3) Specification 1.Biological Rhythms- Circadian, Infradian and Ultradian and disruption of rhythms 1.Sleep- Stages, Lifespan changes, function of sleep 1.Sleep disorders- Explanations for disorder including insomnia, sleep walking and narcolepsy

4. Starter What is a Biological Rhythm? What controls/changes our rhythms? What can effect sleep/ our biological rhythms?

5. Highlighting Provide two examples of why highlighting is ineffective Provide two examples of how highlighting can be effective Do you want to use a highlighter?

6. The Best Approach Read an assigned text quickly -- first for a general overview -- then go back and seek out the details. View yourself as a translator of the material, with your job being to translate the text into your own language Keep a pen or a pencil, not a highlighter, in your hand. Underline important passages and define terms through your own eyes Write notes, questions and reactions in the margins. When you read you should be having a conversation with the text. Don't let it do all the talking -- react to it. Your response helps you formulate the meaning of the text. Read actively.

7. Task Read the article and practice some highlighting techniques You will then have to put the article away and answer some questions

8. Assessment on article Answer the following on MWB 1.What does the internal Circadian biological clock do? 2.Sleep occurs in which two states? 3.A circadian rhythm lasts how long? 4.What keeps our circadian rhythm in synch? 5.The use of devices before bed decreases what? How does this link to sleep? 6.List three symptoms of sleep apnea 7.What can sleep deprivation cause?

9. Intro to Biological Rhythms A biorhythm is a pattern of physiological or psychological processes which repeats itself over a specified period of time. Circadian (latin circa= approximately, dian = 24 hrs) Ultradian (ultra= greater (they occur more than 24 hrs) (e.g sleep cycles) Infradian (infra= lower (occur less than every 24 hours) ( e.g menstrual cycle) Read the information on Circadian rhythms and create a comic strip without any text

10. Swap your posters Describe each stage on your new comic strip Hand back to the original group for marking

11. Circadian rhythms These are rhythms that last 24 hours, such as the sleep wake cycle. Our bodies have many other circadian rhythms, such as temperature regulation and bowel regulation.

12. Circadian rhythms – practical applications Make three suggestions/recommendations based on the following

13. Pacemakers and zeitgebers Endogenous pacemakers are a biological factor inside you (hormones) that sets your rhythm Exogenous zeitgebers are things that are outside of your body, so external to you, that set your rhythm (light)

14. The Biological Clock - How does it work? Thought mainly to be an endogenous (internal) mechanism Our internal rhythms are though to be generated by protein synthesis within the SCN. Protein is produced for a period of hours until it reaches a level that inhibits further production. Over the next few hours the protein level gradually falls, when it drops to a certain ‘threshold’ level then production of the protein re-starts. This generates an internal (endogenous) biological rhythm – in humans of between 24 ½ and 25 hours. This endogenous rhythm is regulated to keep it in line with our environmental rhythms by an exogenous mechanism

15. Exogenous Zeitgebers (external mechanism) SCN have a nerve input directly from the retina of the eye, so they are kept informed about the zeitgebers of light and darkness. In darkness this information is transmitted to the pineal gland which manufactures melatonin a hormone which stimulates the production of serotonin in the raphe nucleus this hormone causes reduced levels of arousal and so induces sleep. When Light enters through the eyes it stimulates the SCN to produce an inhibiting factor (probably a protein) This inhibits the production of melatonin by the pineal gland and so maintains arousal levels – keeping you alert and awake!

16. Board: Grounding Group task I am going to show you a picture related to a piece of research You must find the study on page 5 that links To get the points on the w/b you must explain the study and provide a full grounding Bonus points for any relevant/useful evaluation you can consider P5

17. 100 -200 mins

18. 24.9

19. 20 hrs

20. 25 hrs

21. 22 %

22. Evaluation of Research Controlled conditions increase confidence in validity. Schochat’s research took place in a well controlled laboratory environment.  Correlation criticisms. Schochat’s relationship is correlational so only proves a relationship not the cause of the relationship. However insomniacs treated with melatonin do find it easier to sleep.  Validity of animal research is questionable. Extrapolation from animals to humans is an issue in Morgan’s hamster study, though no reason to suppose it would be any different.

23. Morning Lark or Night owl? What does this suggest about Circadian rhythm onset?

24. Appropriate IDA? Can we change our cycles?

25. Nature vs Nurture or Determinism IDA- A mixture of environmental and biological determinism interact to control your circadian rhythms. This is because we definitely know that our circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous i.e. biological factors, however as exogenous zeitgebers for instance light can have an impact on these rhythms that there is an element of the environment also. So the theory is an interact of the two and this is definitive.

26. IDA example for the Circadian Rhythm The Point: The theory enables us to understand how both ____________ ______________ and ______________ ________________ act together to control the rhythm Explain the Point: This is because the theory show that while __________ _________ such as the role of the SCN largely control the rhythm, ___________ _____________, such as light, play a part in … Resetting the rhythm So What? The greater understanding that the theory gives us of how the circadian rhythm is controlled, may lead to useful… Applications As it could help us to deal with… People who have circadian rhythm disorders more effectively It could also help us to minimise the unpleasant and harmful effects of Shift work and Jet Lag pacemakers Exogenous Biological Environmental determinism Endogenous zeitgebers

27. Practical Applications Sleep Hygiene Use of devices Taking of medication/treatment Work/study schedules Fitness/ sport regime

28. How could the following effect circadian rhythms? 1.Jet Lag 2.Shift work Use the following terms Zeitgebers, internal and external, disrupts,

29. Plenary Using the following terms. Write up the outline for Circadian Rhythms and sleep Endogenous Pacemaker Internal Exogenous Zeitgebers light Melatonin Superchiasmatic nucleus Pineal Gland Temperature