1. Presentation on Rubella

2. Definition: Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a disease caused by the rubella virus. The name "rubella" is derived from Latin, meaning little red. Rubella is also known as German measles because the disease was first described by German physicians in the mid-eighteenth century.

3. Although rubella causes only mild symptoms of low fever, swollen glands, joint pain, and a fine red rash in most children and adults. The disease can last one to three days. Infection of the mother by Rubella virus during pregnancy can be serious; if the mother is infected within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, the child may be born with congenital rubella syndrome(CRS).

4. The figure of rubella is shown below:

5. Cause: The disease is mainly caused by Rubella virus, a togavirus that is enveloped and has a single-stranded RNA genome.The virus is transmitted by the respiratory route and replicates in the nasopharynx. The virus is found in the blood 5 to 7 days after infection and spreads throughout the body.

6. How can occur the Disease
How can occur the Disease? Contagiousness: The rubella virus passes from person to person through tiny drops of fluid from the nose and throat. People who have rubella are most contagious from 1 week before to 1 week after the rash appears. Someone who is infected but has no symptoms.

7. Signs and Symptoms: The primary symptom of rubella virus infection is the appearance of a rash which spreads to after three days (that is why it is often referred to as three-day measles).Rubella infection may begin with 1-2 days of mild fever 38° C and swollen.

8. Other symptoms of rubella can include headache, loss of appetite, mild conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyeballs), swollen, and pain and swelling in the joints (especially in young women). Many people with rubella have few or no symptoms.

10. Congenital rubella syndrome: Congenital rubella syndrome is placental infection of the fetus with rubella usually pregnancy resulting in various developmental abnormalities in the newborn infant. They include cardiac and ocular lesions, deafness, microcephaly, mental retardation, and growth retardation.

12. Prevention: Vaccination is the best way to prevent rubella
Prevention: Vaccination is the best way to prevent rubella. Rubella vaccine is usually given in conjunction with measles and mumps vaccines in a shot referred to as MMR (mumps, measles, and rubella). Children receive one dose of MMR vaccine at months and another dose at four to six years.

13. Treatment: There is no specific treatment for Rubella
Treatment: There is no specific treatment for Rubella.Treatment of newly born babies is focused on management of the complications. Congenital heart defects can be corrected by direct surgery.Management for ocular Congenital rubella syndrome(CRS) is similar to that for age-related macular degeneration.

14. To relieve minor discomfort, we can give our child acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Do not give aspirin to a child with a viral illness because which can lead to liver failure and death.

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