1. The Labor Movement Mrs. Jones-Wagy’s US History Class

2. Knights of Labor Union formed in 1869 Worked for the 8 hour workday End of child labor Discouraged strikes in the beginning Preferred organizing boycotts

3. Great Railroad Strike-1877 First major strike happened in 1877 Workers for the Baltimore and Ohio railroad Wages were cut because of an economic crisis State Governors called out the government Militias killed more than 100 civilians More than $4 million in damages to the railroads

4. American Federation of Labor Headed by Samuel Gompers Organized in 1886 Used mainly strikes to increase wages and have shorter work weeks

5. Employers Reactions Employers made employees claim that they wouldn’t join unions Blacklisted union members Replaced striking workers with ‘scabs’

6. Homestead Strike 1892 Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, PA Manager wanted to increase production Workers refused to work faster Manager tried to lock them out The workers seized the plant Pinkerton’s were hired to break up the strike A 14 hour battle between the workers and the Pinkerton’s followed 16 people were left dead Governor called out the state militia to restore order Steel workers unions was eventually broken

7. The Pullman Strike 1893 the Pullman companies laid off 1/3 of its employees It cut wages of the remaining employees by 25% Workers went on strike with Eugene V. Debs (leader of the American Railway Union) Urged ARU members not to work on trains made by Pullman Pres. Cleveland called in federal troops to end the strike Workers who wouldn’t leave the ARU were fired or blacklisted

8. Housing Reform 1901-Tenement Act Forced landlords to install lighting in public hallways and to provide at least one toilet for every 2 families Outhouses were eventually banned from slums

9. Labor Laws 1908-Muller v. Oregon Established the 10 hour workday for women who worked in laundries First case the limited the workday

10. Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire 1911 in New York City 500 women worked for the Company A Saturday a fire broke out from a discarded match The entire 8 th floor and 2 other floors went up in flames Most doors were locked to prevent theft Fire escape broke in the panic to escape the fire 140 men and women died in the fire Turning point for reforms

11. 17 th Amendment Passed in 1913 Direct election of senators Believed it would undermine the influence of party bosses

12. Australian Ballot Secret Ballot so that party bosses couldn’t influence votes as much By 1900 almost every state had adopted a secret ballot

13. Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal Framework for his entire Presidency Promised that each person would be given a square deal because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less Needs to workers, consumers and business should be balanced Limited the power of trusts Promoted health and safety of the public Improved working conditions

14. Regulating the Railroads Elkins Act-1903 prohibited railroads from accepting rebates. Ensured all customers paid the same price to ship Hepburn Act-1906 Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission Gave the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates

15. Food Acts Meat Inspection Act-1906 Required federal inspection of meat across state lines Pure Food and Drug Act-1906 Forbade the manufacture, sale or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients Required food and medicine have ingredient labels