1. Clinical Laboratory David L. Smith - CLES –35 years experience in electronics –Service Rep for various laboratory instrumentation MFGs –Currently working at National Jewish Health – the mecca of vintage laboratory equipment and cutting edge lab technology.

2. Lab Departments in a Lab (varies widely dependent on size of laboratory and specialties) Anatomic Pathology Histology (study of solid tissues) microscopes, microtones, tissue processors, slide strainers, Cytology (study of cell smears) microscopes, tissue processors, Surgical Pathology (study of surgical tissue samples) cryostats, microscopes

3. Lab Microbiology Bacteriology (study of bacteria) Virology (study of viruses) Phraseology (study of parasites) Mycology (study of fungi) Immunology (study of immune system) Parasitology (study of parasites) – all use microscopes, incubators, water baths, specialty analyzers.

4. Lab Biochemistry Clinical Chemistry (study of body fluid chemistry) Toxicology (study of toxic chemicals)(recreational drugs, heavy metals) Immunology/Serology (study of antigen and antibodies) Urinalysis (study of urine) analyzers, spectrophotometers

5. Lab Hematology Hematology (study of blood cells) cell counters, microscopes, slide strainers, analyzers. Coagulation (study of clotting) Coagulation timers, clotting factor analyzers. Transfusion Medicine (study of blood types) microscopes

6. Lab Molecular Diagnostics/Genetics Cryogenics (study of karyotype, Chromosomes), PCR (DNA Xerox machine), electrophoresis devices (DNS ladders) Acquisition (specialized equipment – sweat tester) Phlebotomy (blood draw) Specimen Management (laboratory information system)

7. Lab Equipment Centrifuges (wide varieties) sample prep Shakers, rocker, rollers, mixers (wide varieties) sample prep Incubators (human cell, bacteria, fungus, parasite) - aerobic (with O2)/anaerobic (without O2) Water Baths (Sample prep, reagent prep) Analyzers Slide Processors & Warmers Chromatography (separation of color) Ph Meters (ionic analyzers) forms a battery (can be ion specific) Refract meters (Light bouncing of surfaces)

8. Lab Equipment Spectrophotometers (effect on light wavelength when passing threw or bouncing off sample) lamp, monochromator, (light splitter - prism or grating mirror),light detector – photo diode. Osmomometer (effect on freezing and boiling point) Particle Counters, (radioactive materials) Liquid Scintillation, gamma & beta Microscopes – Compound – using bright field, Inverted Stage, Stereo (dissecting), Electron – dark field, Fluorescence, Digital, etc. Flamephotometers (change in flame when chemical is burned) – obsoulete, replaced with ISE – Ion Selective electrodes. Atomic Absorption /Mass Spectrophotometers