1. Puberty Unit Mental/Emotional, Social, & Physical Changes

2. STUDENT EXPECTATIONS After reviewing this Health Unit, you should be able to:  Identify & discuss the aspects of Cognitive, Emotional, & Social changes of Puberty for Females & Males  Identify & discuss the Physical changes of Puberty for Females & Males  Identify the Female Reproductive System organs & how they work (including the Menstrual Cycle)  Identify the Male Reproductive System organs & how they work  Identify possible illness & disease of both Female & Male Reproductive Systems

3. Cognitive, Emotional, & Social Development Cognitive conscious mental activities such as thinking, understanding, learning, & remembering Emotional Unpredictable changes in mood (mood swings) & more self-conscious Social Searching for Identity – who you are & where you fit in Seeking more Independence & Responsibility Develop & explore feelings for others

4. Cognitive Development Cognitive- conscious mental activities such as thinking, understanding, learning, & remembering  More complex thinking skills  Think about possibilities  Form new ideas or questions  Compare or debate ideas & opinions

5. Emotional Development  Unpredictable changes in mood (mood swings)  More self-conscious  Development of decision-making skills  More sensitive to others emotions (can read & process others emotions or how they are feeling)

6. Social Development  Searching for Identity – who you are & where you fit in  Seeking more Independence & Responsibility  Seeking new experiences (may engage in risk-taking behaviors)  Influenced by friends (behavior, dress)  Develop & explore feelings for others  Communicating in different ways (cell phones, social media)

7. What is PUBERTY anyway? Puberty involves a series of physical stages or steps and the development of the so-called secondary sex characteristics, the physical features associated with adult males and females The Physical changes that occur during this time:  Development of Primary Sex Characteristics  Appearance of Secondary Sex Characteristics

8. Let’s Define these Terms! Primary Sex Characteristics- sexual characteristics are present at birth Ex: penis and testes in males and the vagina and ovaries in females Secondary Sex Characteristics- those that appear during puberty Ex: Girls = breast development Boys = voice deepening

9. Hormones, Hormones, Hormones! Hormones – chemical substances that affect cell growth & change in cell activity Pituitary Gland – pea-shaped structure in brain that releases 2 hormones (LH & FSH)  Females & Males both have these hormones & will work on different parts of the body

10. Hormones, Hormones, Hormones!! Female  FSH & LH target a girl’s ovaries  FSH & LH stimulate the ovaries to produce Estrogen Estrogen – causes a girl’s body to mature Males  FSH & LH target a boy’s testicles to produce sperm cells  FSH & LH stimulate the testicles to produce Testosterone Testosterone – causes most changes in a guy’s body

11. Basic Hygiene During Puberty  Sweat & oil glands become more active due to hormone levels increasing  Excess amounts of sweat & oil get secreted  Basic hygiene is key to helping to control sweating (body odor) & acne (excess oil) What to do:  Taking showers/baths daily  Brushing teeth/flossing  Deodorant  Wearing clean clothes  Removing makeup  Do not pop pimples – can cause infection & spread of more

12. Female Reproductive System & Physical Changes  Begin as early as 8 to as late as 16  Remember, FSH, LH, & Estrogen help to produce these changes  Not everyone will experience these changes at the same time Physical Changes  Breast development  Shape/contour of body  Hips widen  Acne  Hair growth (underarm, leg, pubic)  Menstruation  Rapid Growth Spurt (average 3.5 inches/year)

13. Female Reproductive System Organs 1.VULVA – entire outside genital area of a female 2.URETHRA – tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body 3.OVARY – gland the size of a walnut where thousands of egg cells (ova) are stored 4.FALLOPIAN TUBES – thin tubes connected to the left & right of uterus; carries egg cell to uterus 5. UTERUS – muscular organ; where a developing child will grow 6. CERVIX – small, muscular opening that connects to the vagina 7. VAGINA – tube-shaped passageway, leads to the outside of the body

14. Female Reproductive Organs

15. Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle – time from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. Cycles on average are 28 days, some shorter or longer.

16. Menstrual Cycle

17. Menstrual Period What is it?  The lining of the uterus sheds  Lasts 3-7 days, sometimes shorter or longer  Varies for each individual female How does it Happen?  Egg cell enters the Uterus from the Fallopian tube  Egg cell connects with the ENDOMETRIUM (lining of blood/tissue cells)  Lining & egg cell dissolve & flow out of the Uterus, through the Vagina, & out of the Vaginal opening

18. Some Other Facts About the Menstrual Period  Menstrual period is also called menstrual flow  Flow is made up of blood, fluids, & tissue cells  Flow may look red like blood or brownish red  Flow may be heavier in the beginning of the menstrual period then lighter at the end  Average loss of blood from the Uterus is up to 4-12 teaspoonfuls over the 5-8 days

19. Feminine Hygiene Products Two Types: 1. External Protection  Self-adhesive sanitary pads (adhere to female undergarments) 2.Internal Protection  Tampons (inserted inside the vaginal opening)

20. Premenstrual Discomfort PMS – Pre-menstrual Syndrome Symptoms may include:  Cramps (contraction of the Uterus)  Backaches  Headaches  Mood Swings  Bloating (fullness in the abdominal area)

21. Possible Illness & Disease of the Female Reproductive System Infertility  The inability to become pregnant  Causes can include: decrease in quality of eggs, damage of fallopian tubes, hormonal causes  Surgery or hormone treatment can overcome some Infertility issues Toxic Shock Syndrome  Bacterial infection is rare, but has been linked to tampon use  Symptoms include: high fever, rash & vomiting  Can be fatal if not treated  Follow directions for tampon use, change tampons at least every 4 hours

22. Possible Illness & Disease of the Female Reproductive System Breast cancer (2 nd leading cause of cancer death in women)  develops in the breast tissue, primarily in the milk ducts or glands  Breast cancer usually begins with the formation of a small, confined tumor (lump), or as calcium deposits (microcalcifications) and then spreads through channels within the breast to the lymph nodes or through the blood stream to other organs.  232,240 new cases will be diagnosed  39,620 women will die from breast cancer  2.8 million breast cancer survivors in US

23. Possible Illness & Disease of the Female Reproductive System Cervical Cancer  Rapid, uncontrolled growth of severely abnormal cells on the cervix  Symptoms include: abnormal bleeding, pain, or significant, unexplained change in menstrual cycle  Detected by tests  Can be treated with surgery depending on severity Ovarian Cancer  Happens when cells that are not normal grow on one or both of the ovaries  Can be cured if caught early  Symptoms include: gas or swelling in the belly  Can be treated with surgery depending on severity  Usually occurs in women who have gone through menopause,never been pregnant, or have family history

24. Male Reproductive System & Physical Changes  Begin as early as 10 to as late as 17  Remember FSH, LH, & Testosterone help to produce these changes  Not everyone will experience these changes at the same time Physical Changes  Facial hair  Voice deepens  Acne  Hair growth (underarm, leg, & pubic)  Shoulders broaden  Muscle development  Growth Spurt (4 inches per year)

25. Male Reproductive System Organs & Functions External Organs (Genitals) 1.Penis – principal external male reproductive organ (muscle)  Made up of the shaft & head (glans)  Glans – covered by the foreskin (extra fold of skin) which is sometimes removed during a procedure called a Circumcision 2. Scrotum – loose sac of skin & muscle that lies under the penis  Regulates temperature of testicles in order to make sperm 3. Testicles – organs where sperm are produced

26. Male Reproductive System Organs & Functions Internal Organs 1.Epididymus – storage chamber attached to each testicle, sperm cells mature 2.Vas deferens – tube- like structure connected to the testicles, mature sperm move through this tube 3. Seminal Vessicles – sacs that contribute to the production of semen 4. Prostate Gland – gland that surrounds the Urethra, contributes a milky fluid that makes up the largest part of semen 5. Urethra – tube in the center of the Penis, urine & semen will travel through the urethra

27. Male Reproductive System

28. Other Functions of the Male Reproductive System Sperm Cells – tiny, individual cells which are shaped like tadpoles Semen – sticky, white fluid that helps transport sperm through the Urethra & out of the Penis during ejaculation Erection – enlarging & hardening of the Penis, more blood flow through the vessels in the Penis Spontaneous Erection – occurs when an in increase in hormone levels is present & from tactile stimuli (sensation from feeling) Ejaculation – release of semen from the Penis Nocturnal Emission – ejaculation of semen while asleep; aka “wet dream”

29. Possible Illness & Disease of the Male Reproductive System Infertility  Unable to produce enough healthy sperm cells to fertilize an egg cell  Causes include: STDs, genetic diseases, hormonal diseases, & exposure to certain drugs Hernia  Occurs when part of the intestine pushes into the groin due to a weakness in the abdominal wall  Men are 10 times more likely than women to get one  Mostly occur after the age of 50

30. Possible Illness & Disease of the Male Reproductive System Testicular Cancer  Most common in males between the ages of 15-34  Symptoms include: lump or swelling in the scrotum, pain or tenderness in one of the testicles, or a heavy feeling in the testicle  Surgery is need to prevent the spread of disease Prostate Cancer  About the size of a walnut, helps to secrete fluid to help sperm move  A tumor on the prostate causes the gland to swell significantly  Symptoms include: frequent need to urinate, difficulty starting or stopping the urinary stream, painful/burning urination or ejaculation, or blood in the urine or semen  Treated with medication, surgery, or chemotherapy

31. Possible Illness & Disease of the Male Reproductive System Breast Cancer  Male breast is made up of small, undeveloped ducts & a small amount of fat & connective tissue (different than females)  Uncontrolled growth of the abnormal cells of breast tissue  Male breast cancer is rare  New cases for men: 2,240  Deaths for men: 410

32. Reliable Resources about Puberty www.kidshealth.org www.pbskids.org  Parents/Family  Doctors/Health care providers