1. WARM UP In which mineral group would you find a mineral that contains silicon (Si) and oxygen (O)? In which mineral groups would you find a mineral that contains sulfur? What is “streak”? On Mohs Hardness Scale, which is harder:3.4 or 5.6?

2. Mineral Uses and Special Properties Earth Science

3. SOME MINERALS AND THEIR USES: Talc is used in powders and make-up Gypsum is used in drywall or sheetrock Fluorite is used in toothpaste Quartz (found in sand) is used in making glass

4. Topaz is a gemstone Corundum is a gemstone (rubies and sapphires) Diamonds are used in cutting tools and drills

5. Copper is used in electrical wiring, jewelry and coins Halite is used to deice roads, and to season/preserve food Calcite is used in tums to help acid indigestion and in cement

6. ORES AND WHAT THEY ARE MINED FOR: An ore is a mineral that is mined and the useful substances in it are removed and then sold for a profit. Protective shielding against X rays and used in batteries Galena : an ore of lead Graphite: an ore of pencil “lead” and is also a dry lubricant

7. Pyrite : ore of iron, is also known as “fool’s gold” Magnetite : iron ore Hematite : an ore of iron and the red pigment used for color Most automobiles, machine tools, the hulls of large ships, building parts and machine parts are made out of iron. Steel is made by combining IRON with other metals. Stainless steel is used in building parts, cooking pots and pans, cutlery and surgical equipment. It is also used in aircraft and automobiles

8. Sulfur is also an ore: match heads, fireworks, medicine, gunpowder and fertilizer. Sulfur is used to vulcanize rubber. Vulcanization makes rubber tougher. It ensures that rubber maintains its shape. Car tires, shoe soles, water/ air hoses and ice hockey pucks are all made from vulcanized rubber

9. MINERALS AND THEIR SPECIAL PROPERTIES: Calcite: has double refraction and fizzes with HCl Halite: tastes salty Sulfur: has a rotten egg odor

10. Magnetite & hematite: are magnetic Calcite & Fluorite: fluorescence

11. VIRGINA’S MINERAL Virginia mines a lot of gravel for roads and construction The oldest and largest Kyanite mines are located in VA. Kyanite is a silicate that is blue and is used in the production of ceramics, cookware and jewerly.

12. Gemstones Any non-metallic mineral or other natural material (e.g., amber, jet, pearl) that can be cut and polished for use in jewelry and related products. Mineral gemstones Mineral gemstones include: sapphire, ruby, diamond, emerald, topaz, turquoise and opal http://pubs.usgs.gov/

13. Gemstones are highly valued because of their: Why are some gems so expensive? Beauty Rarity Tradition

14. TO DO Mineral Identification Lab Mineral Groups Reinforcement Birthstone Project