1. Environmental Issues In Africa SS7G2a. Explain how water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking water

2. Water Pollution 1.Increasing population has caused problems with pollution from factories, animal and human waste 2.Mining explosions send dust and harmful debris into the water 3.Fertilizers and pesticides from farming are polluting water. 4.Governments ignore the water pollution issues as long as factories are making money

3. Aswan High Dam 1.Located on the Nile River 2.Allows Egypt to irrigate crops year round 3.Dam is used to produce electricity 4.Because the Nile River no longer floods silt is no longer left on the ground 5. Fertilizers and pesticides are now used but leaves salt in the dirt 5. Fertilizers and pesticides are now used but leaves salt in the dirt

4. Impact of Rivers 1. Nile River used for water, irrigation and transportation 2. Niger River- used for transportation, also deposits silt for planting crops 3. Congo River- water for villages, irrigation and fishing industry, major transportation route timber is transported down the river timber is transported down the river from the rainforest from the rainforest Irrigation from Nile River Niger river used for Transportation Congo river Transporting timber.

5. Water Wars 1. It is believed that in the near future a water war between countries will begin. Increasing population means: a. m ore water will be taken upstream by upstream countries less water for countries downstream. The main conflicts in Africa during the next 25 years could be over that most precious of commodities - water, as countries fight for access to this scarce resource. Potential 'water wars' are likely in areas where rivers and lakes are shared by more than one country. The possible flashpoints are the Nile, Niger, Volta and Zambezi basins.

6. Clean Water Programs United Nations, United Nations, World Bank and World Bank and United Children’s Fund United Children’s Fund Are all programs developed to help clean up the water pollution. Are all programs developed to help clean up the water pollution.

7. Environmental Issues SSG2b. Explain the relationship between poor soil and deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa

8. Deforestation 1.The process of destroying rainforest to make way for human development (homes, industry, roads, farmland). a.Vegetation is destroyed 1)overgrazing from farm animals b.Forest are shrinking. 1)Less trees means less oxygen produced 2)Carbon dioxide in the air increases 3)Fewer rainforest means less medicines 4)Less rain water is trapped in the ground because it stays on the surface longer causing flooding

9. Deforestation c. animals are moving further into the forest d. some animals are becoming extinct e. causes droughts f. people’s way of life is disrupted or destroyed causing poverty and starvation 2. Many countries have passed laws placing strict limitations on the amount of forest that can been taken each year. 3. The Sahel is an example of Deforestation

10. Deforestation of Madagascar

11. Environmental Issues in Africa SS7G2c. Explain the impact of desertification on the environment of Africa from the Sahel to the rainforest

12. Desertification 1.Process of previously fertile farmland becoming desert 2. Causes a. increasing population b. need for firewood and brush c. constant grazing of farm animals d. farmers reusing planting in the same soil year after year

13. Desertification 3. Examples a. Sahel a. Sahel 1) land is over used and the soil becomes poor and powdery 1) land is over used and the soil becomes poor and powdery 2) winds from the Sahara blow the dry top soil away leaving a rocky land 2) winds from the Sahara blow the dry top soil away leaving a rocky land 3) drought (lack of rain) has made this worse 3) drought (lack of rain) has made this worse

14. Desertification b. Tropical Rainforest 1) cities are expanding into areas once farmed 1) cities are expanding into areas once farmed 2) farmers are having to reuse same land 2) farmers are having to reuse same land 3) soil is worn out 3) soil is worn out

15. Desertification c. Kalahari Desert 1) soil has been worn down by the people 1) soil has been worn down by the people d. Nile Delta 1) showing signs of dryness and sandy soil 1) showing signs of dryness and sandy soil 2) heavy irrigation limits the amount of water making it to the Delta 2) heavy irrigation limits the amount of water making it to the Delta 4. Green Line- place where the cultivated land ends and the desert begins

16. Desertification Impact on the people Desertification severely lessons the amount of food available and contributes to famines.