1. Gas Laws

2. Boyle’s Law  Shows the relationship between volume and pressure  Temperature and amount of gas is held constant  http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Boy les_frames.htm http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Boy les_frames.htm http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Boy les_frames.htm

3.  Boyle’s Law – states that volume and pressure are indirectly proportional when temperature and amount are held constant  Indirectly proportional means as one variable increases, the other decreases.  Less space means particles will hit the walls more often producing more pressure  Decreasing volume, increases pressure  Increasing volume, decreases pressure P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2

4. Sample Problem: A balloon has a volume of 0.76 L and a pressure of 12.5 atm, what will the new pressure be if the volume is decreased to 0.51 L? Sample Problem: A balloon has a volume of 0.76 L and a pressure of 12.5 atm, what will the new pressure be if the volume is decreased to 0.51 L? ** the unit for volume and pressure don’t matter. Just make sure they are the same in the problem V 1 =.76 L P 1 = 12.5 atm P 2 = ? V 2 =.51 L

5. Charles’ Law  Shows the relationship between temperature and volume  Amount of gas and pressure are held constant  http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Ch arles_frames.htm http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Ch arles_frames.htm http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Ch arles_frames.htm

6.  Charles’ Law – states that volume and temperature are directly proportional when pressure and amount of gas are held constant  Directly proportional means as one variable increases, the other variable also increases... Or vice versa  If we increase temperature, the particles are moving around more. So, to keep pressure constant, the volume has to increase. –As temperature increases, volume increases –As temperature decreases, volume decreases

7. Sample Problem: If a gas in a balloon has a temperature of 273 K and a volume of 22.4 L, what will the temperature be if the volume is increased to 31.0 L? Sample Problem: If a gas in a balloon has a temperature of 273 K and a volume of 22.4 L, what will the temperature be if the volume is increased to 31.0 L? ** The temperature MUST be in Kelvin. The volume can be in any units, just make sure they are the same throughout the problem. T 1 = 273 K V 1 = 22.4 L T 2 = ? V 2 = 31.0 L

8. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures  States that the sum of all the partial pressures of the components in a gas mixture is equal to the total pressure of the gas mixture. P T = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 …

9. Sample Problem: What is the atmospheric pressure if the partial pressure of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are 604.5 mmHg, 162.5 mmHg, and 0.500 mmHg? P 1 = 604.5 mm Hg P 2 = 162.5 mm Hg P 3 = 0.5 mm Hg