2. WWII Background “ The rise of leaders:” Fascists: Fascists: – Followers of a political philosophy that preached that the nation and the race were more important than the individual. (Even if that meant killing/death of those who disagree) Totalitarian:--(Can also be a fascist) Totalitarian:--(Can also be a fascist) – A dictator who was completely controlling of all aspects of life. – Examples: Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler

3. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Benito Mussolini: (nicknamed II Duce)--Leader Benito Mussolini: (nicknamed II Duce)--Leader – Fascist dictator from Italy. – A wounded Italian veteran from WWI – He was unhappy with Italy’s stance to try to remain neutral during WWI and he felt this was not the way to lead a country. (Italy was a socialist country during WWI) – He preached order and efficiency and promised Italy to rule over the Mediterranean world.

4. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Benito Mussolini: Benito Mussolini: – His followers were fascists. They threatened opposing political views to get people to join their group. He used legal and “brutal” means to make Italy a 1 party country with him as the leader. – Under his reign, Italy trains ran on time and buildings were built, he was efficient. – He also was a conqueror. – 1936 he conquered the country of Ethiopia.

5. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler: – Similar views to Mussolini Nazi Party – He took the “workers party” and banded them together and formed the National Socialist German Workers Party……later named the Nazi Party – Hitler claimed that Germany had too many social classes. (Meaning too much of a difference between the rich and poor) – He was going to eliminate these class differences and make all German’s strong and united.

6. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler: – Hitler blamed the loss and economic problems of Germany from WWI on the Jews and anyone who wasn’t part of the Aryan race. (Blonde, blue eyed, and German). – 1 Day Hitler Research (Prior to 1939).

7. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler: – 1929 depression hit Germany. – Hitler promised to rebuild Germany and this appealed to the people. – He denounced the Treaty of Versailles (Saying Germany would no longer follow it) – 1932 German elections, Nazi party becomes the most powerful party in Germany. – 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany. (Head of Government…similar to Prime Minister)

8. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler: – 1933 he persuades the German president to suspend German civil rights. – 1 month later, Hitler convinces the Reichstag (German’s government) to allow Hitler to make laws by himself. – 1934 Hitler demands members of Germany’s military swear allegiance to himself as a person rather than Germany as a country.

9. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler: – August 1934 the German president Paul von Hindenburg dies – Hitler then abolishes the office of President in Germany. He never wanted to be called President out of respect for Hindenburg Führer: – He then declares himself Führer: Führer: Führer: – Means leader of his party (Nazi) and the head of Government or the Reich (Reichstag) – This means he was now the totalitarian dictator

10. WWII Background “The rise of leaders:” Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler: – Upon his renouncing the Treaty of Versailles he sends armed troops into Germany’s Rhineland (border of France) 1936, Mussolini and Hitler team up to help Spain’s fascist leader Francisco Franco marking the 1 st Mussolini and Hitler alliance. – (Later known as the Axis Powers) – This is the start of the Axis powers march and Hitler’s world domination plan.

11. WWII Background March 1938 Hitler annexed Austria by way of force (Tanks and troops) September 1938 Hitler takes the southern portion of Czechoslovakia – Stating it was to unify the German people living there under the German rule. Appeasement”— Britain and France’s response was “Appeasement”—Giving into Hitler’s demands/actions in an attempt to avoid war.

12. WWII Background Munich Pact: – September 1938: – Meeting between Britain, France and Hitler. (USA’s President_________) Supported this too. – Agreement stating Britain and France wouldn’t oppose Hitler’s taking of Czechoslovakia if Hitler promised not to take all of Czechoslovakia and Hitler agreed. He (Hitler) also promised he didn’t have any other plans to take other parts of Europe. He lied

13. WWII Background February 1939 Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia. August 1939, Hitler signs a “Non-Aggressive” Pact with the Soviet Union. – This stated that Germany wouldn’t attack the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union wouldn’t attack Germany. – This freed up Hitler to pursue his domination over the rest of Europe without fear of Soviet intervention.

14. WWII Background September 1 st 1939 Hitler sends tanks into Poland and his Air force (The Luftwaffe) to overtake Poland. Blitzkrieg: Blitzkrieg: – German term for all out war, ground, and air attacks. September 4 th 1939 Great Britain and France Declare war on Germany. September 4 th 1939 Great Britain and France Declare war on Germany. – Appeasement no longer worked.

15. WWII Background Read Page 496-498 Rise of Militarism (Japan and Asia’s involvement prior to 1941.) Take your own “BRIEF” notes on the subject.

16. WW II April 1940 Hitler invades and conquers Denmark & Norway. Weeks later Germany invades Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

17. WW II June 13 th 1940 French leaders realized that a German assault on Paris would be devastating to the French so the French met with the German leaders and agreed to voluntary hand over Paris. June 14 th German troops march into a very empty Paris.

18. WW II June 22 nd 1940, France surrenders to Hitler. Hitler then turns his attention to Britain. Britain’s air force was much more prepared and efficient. They shot down many German planes. Hitler then decided to bomb London at night. – Winston Churchill (Britain’s Prime Minister) pleaded America for help.

19. WW II U.S.A. and FDR had to respond. There were 2 thoughts about the War in Europe among Americans. – Interventionism: – Interventionism: Sending as much support to Britain as possible without declaring war on Germany. – Isolationism: – Isolationism: Staying completely out of the war and being neutral.

20. WW II FDR decided on a course of action in 1940 and early 1941. He sold/gave 50 outdated/old American destroyers to Britain. – Britain in exchange gave the US the rights to establish military bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Guyana. (All British territories) September 16 th 1940, FDR signs the Selective Training and Service Act.

21. WW II Selective Training and Service Act: (1940) – 1 st peacetime draft in American History – Required all males ages 18-35 to register for the draft. Once the USA officially entered WWII they changed the registration to ages 18-65. (Although 18-45 were only subject to military service)--- Explain. – Your draft service was supposed to be for 12 months only. Later it was lengthened. – Many soldiers painted the letters O H I O on their barrack walls. (Over the Hill In October) meaning at the end of their 12 month stint they were deserting. All of this was prior to Pearl Harbor

22. WW II 1940 Presidential Election: FDR (D) vs. Wendell Willkie (R) FDR wins in another landslide marking the 1 st (and only) time someone has been elected to the Presidency 3x. FDR’s campaign stance was “This country is NOT going to war” – 1 year later we have no choice.

23. WW II Lend-Lease Bill: (March 1941) Lend-Lease Bill: (March 1941) – Pushed for by FDR. – Stated that the USA would Lend or Lease military equipment to Britain to help them fight the war. – Said it was in our best interest to do so to prevent us from having to actually GO to war. – 80% of the US population agreed. – Over $ 50 Billion went to Britain under this Bill. – We were at war with Germany (economically)

24. WW II Germany’s response to the Lend-Lease program was they sank American and British supply ships in the Atlantic Ocean. FDR then authorized American Warships to “escort” these British supply ships. September 4 th 1941 Germany then fired upon the USS Greer, (American destroyer). – Known as the “Greer Incident” – FDR ordered the Navy to shoot all Axis vessels on sight!

25. WW II October 1941: – German U-Boats torpedo’s the USS Kearny and the USS Ruben James. U.S. still didn’t go to war yet. – Previously in June 1941, Germany launches an attack against the Soviet Union, (Breaking the _____________) – USA extends the Lend-Lease agreement to the Soviets. The attack on the Soviets helped ease the war against the British.

26. WW II Tripartite Pact: – September 27 th, 1940 – Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Imperial Japan sign a pact to join forces. – It was to last for 10 years – Strengthened the Axis powers – Read page 504-505 Japanese Threat Increases – Read pages 506-508 “Pearl Harbor”

27. WW II Dec 8 th 1941, the USA Declares War against Japan. (3 days later Germany and Italy do as well) WW II U.S.A. Involvement Over 15 million American Men served in WWII The U.S. Military was NOT desegregated. “Code- Talkers” Native American soldiers were known as “Code- Talkers” we utilized their Navajo language in coded messages.

28. WW II Battle of Stalingrad: (Russia) Battle of Stalingrad: (Russia) – 1942-1943 – Lasted 5 months – Germany ended up losing this battle. (very cold) – Soviets had to basically fight the Germans alone. Stalin never forgot this – This halted the German advancement East.

29. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement North Africa: 1943 North Africa: 1943 – USA and British fight in Morocco and Algeria – Allies are victorious. – Stops Hitler’s expansion south. – Military bases are established here. Sicily (Italy): 1943 Sicily (Italy): 1943 – Allies invade – September 8 th 1943 Italy submits it’s unconditional surrender to the Allies.

30. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement Germany refused to give up Italy. June 4 th 1944, Rome was finally freed from German control. Operation Overlord: Commonly called D-Day June 6 th 1944 Normandy, France (Omaha Beach) American General Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of the leaders of this offensive.

31. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement Operation Overlord----D-Day D-Day 6/6/44 D-Day Normandy - 6th June 1944 – SPR 175,000 allied forces came ashore in Normandy, France. (Almost 4000 killed/wounded) This would be the beginning of the end for German occupation of France.

32. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement August 25 th 1944 Americans & French troops liberated Paris (freed it from German control) Soon Luxembourg, Belgium, and all of France were back under Allied control. Hitler was reeling backwards. (Losing ground and losing the war)

33. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement Battle of the Bulge December 16 th 1944 to January 25 th 1945 Took place mostly in the Ardennes Forrest of Belgium. Hitler’s final offensive battle. WWII in HD: Battle of the Bulge goal Germany’s goal was to split the American and British forces in half and capture Antwerp and then circle around and surround the remaining armies and secure a surrender treaty with the Allies to focus more on the Eastern Front.

34. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement Battle of the Bulge The German attack caught the Allies by surprise. – Very little radio contact about this plan – Germany equipment and men were moved at night – Germany launched the attack during poor weather which grounded our superior air force attack. (We were caught way off guard)

35. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement Battle of the Bulge The northern border was different. – Germans had planned on 2 main towns with access roads for supplies to maintain their offensive. (We blocked those 2 roads) – U.S. General George S. Patton came in with the 3 rd Army to help reinforce the situation. – Planes were now able to fly. Germany was in trouble now. – January 25 th 1945 the final German armies pulled back.

36. WW II U.S.A. & Allies Involvement Battle of the Bulge Over 1 million men fought in this battle (total) Just over 500,000 Americans Casualty estimates from the battle vary widely. – American casualties are listed between 70,000-81,000 – British approximately 1,400 – German casualties at between 60,000 and 105,000. – More than 100,000 German soldiers were taken prisoner. – In addition, 800 tanks were lost on each side, and more than 1,000 German aircraft were destroyed.

37. WW II

38. WW II Holocaust Read pages 511-512 out loud –O–Orally explain medical experiments. –S–Show my picture slides from Dachau –P–Pass around pictures.

39. WW II Germany’s End in Sight Soviets start to push the Nazi’s west back toward Germany in 1944. – Soviets pushed the Nazi’s out of Austria and Czechoslovakia. They also did this to flex the Soviet muscles from any Allies (France/USA/Britain) from attempting to control those areas. Soviets retook Poland and the US Came up from Italy and Western France.

40. WW II Germany’s End in Sight April 12 th 1945 FDR dies in office. Harry S. Truman takes over the Presidency. April 16 th -20 th The Soviets had surrounded Berlin. – Battle of Berlin reading April 30 th Hitler commits suicide. May 7 th 1945, Germany unconditionally surrenders to the Allied forces. May 7 th 1945, Germany unconditionally surrenders to the Allied forces. Animated Map WWII European Summary Animated Map WWII European Summary Animated Map WWII European Summary Animated Map WWII European Summary

41. WWII Asian Theater Read Page 513-515 on The Asian Theater – Take your own notes on this aspect Read Page 516-519 on Dropping the Atomic Bomb – Take your own notes on this reading Pass out the 2 reading of Dropping of bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (possibly after the worksheet is collected)

42. USA Running Japan As part of the Japan Surrender Treaty signed on the USS Missouri, Japan came under allied control.  Dwight Eisenhower as supreme controller of the allied occupational powers controlled Japan during the occupation for approximately 8 months!  Japanese Sign Final Surrender Japanese Sign Final Surrender  Soviets, Poland, and Czechoslovakia opposed this plan and refused to sign the treaty  April 28 th 1952 US officially ended the war with Japan and ALSO ended the US Occupation of Japan