1. Geant4 Simulation Study for Proton Therapy Proton Therapy Center Se Byeong Lee Medical Physicist, Ph.D. The 3 rd FKPPL workshop, March 8-9, 2011, Seoul, Korea

2. History 1989. 12. Plan to establish NCC formulated by Ministry of Health and Welfare 1997. 7. Construction of NCC Hospital building completed 2000. 10. NCC started clinical care services 2005. 2. Proton Therapy Facility Installation 2005. 10. First Beam Production 2007. 3. First Proton treatment start 2010. 12 648 patients treated in Proton Therapy Facility Overview of NCC

3. Facilities in Research Institution

4. Proton beam facility in NCC Proton beam facility in NCC Proteus 235 Specification Weight : 220 ton Height : 210 cm Diameter : 434 cm Energy : 230MeV Max. extracted beam current : 300nA RF frequency :106 MHz

5. Beam delivery Uncertainty Target Ex.) 5mm beam off on Target (1 portal) - Proton : 100%  0% dose - Photon : 100%  > 95% dose

6. Uncertainties on Proton Treatment Planning MGH study

7. Motivation of MC Simulation Study for Proton Therapy Proton Treatment Planning : Accurate dose calculation ? Radiation Shielding : Patient & worker safety ? Patient simulation (Respiratory gating) : 4D Dose distribution ? Beam Nozzle simulation : Design study, QA ?  Monte Carlo Simulation

8. MC simulation of Proton Beam System 1.Modeling  Modeling Nozzle  Modeling Treatment scheme 2.User interface for M.C set-up  Convalgo (“Conversion Algorithm” by IBA) interface 3.Validation  Geant4 physics test on CSDA range and non-elastic interaction probability  Bragg peaks comparison  Conversion function (Range2MCEnergy) 4. Applications  SOBP reproduction for Proton therapy

9. 1. Modeling - nozzle Framework librariesUser applications

10. Treatment Control System (TCS) - not clinical mode Rp (Range in Patient), SOBP Scatterers setting Variable collimator opening R.M wheel with BCM database Snout positioning Cyclotron energy, current... Measurement Monte Carlo CONVALGO /GTR2/SNT/type 250 /GTR2/SNT/aperture/rectangle open /GTR2/SNT/aperture/rectangle Lx Ly Ox Oy #Geant4 kernel initialize /run/initialize /GTR2/FS/lollipops 9 5 /GTR2/SS/select 3 /GTR2/RM/track 5 /GTR2/RM/angle 80.26 /GTR2/VC/setVxVy cm 14.2 15.2 Nozzle configuration BTS : BeamTransportSystem, TCS : TreatmentConstrolSystem 2. User Interface input output /BTS/particle proton /BTS/energy E MeV 181.8 1.2 /BTS/geometry mm 3 5 /BTS/emittance G mm 1.5 /TCS/passive/BCM TR2_B6_1 144 1000 /TCS/StartIrradiation Init. Beam configuration BCM pattern

11. 11 Geant4 version: 8.2.p01 - EM model : G4hIonization with ICRU49 parameterized table - Hadronic : LHEP_PRECO_HP ( precompound model ) NCC Proton Beam Delivery MC Simulation MC Simulation 3. Validation test of Nozzle Modeling

12. 12  various beam mode modeling  DICOM data handling  Dose calculation using Geant4 MC simulation 4. Application : Proton Treatment Beam MC Sim.

13. Patient CT Image Reconstruction Proton beam irradiation simulation on a Patient body with CT image 4. Application : Medical Imaging tool (gMocren – KEK )

14. FKPPL VO Grid Testbed ServiceHostSite UIkenobi.kisti.re.krKISTI geant4.ncc.re.krNCC VOMSpalpatine.kisti.re.krKISTI WMS/LBsnow.kisti.re.kr, snow02, snow03(LB)KISTI SEccsrm02.in2p3.fr (0.5TB)CC-IN2P3 hansolo.kisti.re.kr (3TB)KISTI CEcclcgceli03.in2p3.fr (6905 CPU cores)CC-IN2P3 darthvader.kisti.re.kr (128 CPU cores)KISTI VOMS WMS CESEUICESE FKPPL VO KISTI IN2P3 LFC WIKI

15. JOB Performance test on GRID

16. 16 [Figure courtesy of J.Gueulette, redrawn from the data of Menzel et al., 1990, Loncol et al., 1994, and Gueulette et al, 2004]. (keV/um) Motivation : Relative Biological Effectiveness PMB 2004 J.J. Wilkens

17. Proton Beam Cover Slide Plating HSG Assembling Cell holder Locating Cell holder in 50 fields Trypsin Digestion Removing Cell holder Replating in Culture Dish Counting Colony 2 - 3 Weeks Stacking Chamber Proton RBE Measurement in NCC, Korea

18. Cell Survival in Depth Cell Survival in Depth

19. Measurement of DNA Breaks (Preliminary Exp.) 5ul of Plasmid DNA sample 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 Gy of Proton Beam (5 g/cm 2 at 210 MeV) DNA Break measurement with Electrophoresis DNA Break (arb. value) Gy Proton beam Dose

20. The collaboration Meeting On March 10, 2011 in NCC

21. Summary Geant4 simulation is useful and essential for Proton therapy study in NCC. Geant4-DNA study for the calculation of proton RBE. NCC Geant4 Study with FKPPL & FJPPL VO. - Geant4-DNA ( Sébastien Incert, IN2P3 - CENBG ) - GRID (Soonwook Hwang, KISTI) - Geant4-ParticleTherapy (Takashi Sasaki, KEK) Extension of the collaboration with Gate & Radiobiology study(?).

22. Hospital Research Institute National Center for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Proton Therapy Center Thank you!