1. Life is based on Organic Chemistry

2. 1. What element in the periodic table are organic molecules based? 2. What are the other five elements that organic molecules usually contain? 2. What are the other five elements that organic molecules usually contain? Organic chemistry is carbon chemistry

3. 3. Is water an organic molecule? No, because it doesn’t contain carbon.

4. Sense-able Smells Learning the language of organic chemistry through molecules in your everyday life

5. Olfactory System 4. What is our Olfactory system ? What is the purpose of the olfactory receptors? A part of the nervous system that interacts with substances from the environment that produces the sense of smell. Does our brain directly or indirectly interact with the odors we smell?

6. Our Sense of Smell How is it used? To find food To avoid becoming food! To determine if food is safe to eat To identify dangerous environments Finding a mate To locate and identify offspring To mark boundries or to identify a way back “home” To alert or warn others (think skunks, stink bugs, etc) To deceive or lure others? Other uses?....

7. 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “ for their discoveries in odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system” Linda Buck Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA, USA Richard Axel Columbia University New York, NY, USA Our Sense of Smell "Press Release: The 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". Nobelprize.org. 4 Jul 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/press.html

8. Are you hypersensitive to common odors or fragrances? While these odors are considered pleasant and safe, there are many people who suffer severe irritation even from the most common and mild odors/aromas. If you are one of these individuals, you should not participate in this activity.

9. Before you begin….…….. For each sample, first try wafting, because some odors are stronger than others. If you still can’t smell anything after a few seconds, bring the sample closer to your nose. = powerful smells, make sure to waft first.

10. Part I. Aldehydes Molecular StructureDescription and association of odor Odor identification Part A. Fill out this table as you go about wafting the odors from the three samples Odor 1 Odor 2 Odor 3

11. Aldehydes Part B. Compare and Contrast: All aldehydes seem to have this in common: Odor 1Odor 2Odor 3 Molecule 4

12. The Aldehyde Odors Odor 1 Vanilla Odor 2 Cinnamon Odor 3 Almonds or Cherries

13. Part II. Esters Molecular StructureDescription and association of odor Odor identification Part A. Fill out this table as you go about wafting the odors from the three samples Odor 4 Odor 5 Odor 6

14. Esters Part B. Compare and Contrast again All esters seem to have this in common: Odor 4Odor 5Odor 6

15. Esters Part B. 1.How many carbon and hydrogen atoms do you see in the short-hand version of Odor 4? one C atom and two H atoms 2. How many carbon and hydrogen atoms do you see in the full atom version? eight C atoms and nine H atoms 3.In comparing the short hand and full atom version, what does the number 3 on the H 3, or 2 on the H 2 refer to in the short-hand version? Indicates the amount of attached hydrogen atoms 4. Oxygen atoms are easy to spot since they are always shown in both the short-hand and full atom versions. How many oxygen atoms are in Odor 4? __3__

16. Esters Part B. Slide 2 5.Using the Full atom version circle the parts on it that are visible in the short hand version. 6.Using the short-hand version, fill in the missing atoms on it that are shown in the full atom version. 4. Oxygen(O) and Nitrogen(N) atoms are easy to spot since they are always shown in both the short-hand and full atom versions. How many oxygen and nitrogen atoms are in Odor 4? ____O atoms____N atoms? two O atoms, one N atom Compare the two versions of Odor 5 then answer these related questions:

17. Esters Part B. slide 3 8.How many carbon atoms are in odor 6 total? Now look at the Odor 6 molecule (shown below). Draw in the symbol for carbon for the missing carbons atoms on the molecule. seven C atoms 7. Describe and illustrate how you think the missing carbon atoms are represented in the short-hand version: The missing carbon atoms are located at the points where lines meet( a vertex).

18. The Ester Odors Odor 4 Grape (Concord) Odor 5 Pineapple Odor 6 Banana

19. Part III. Alcohols and Phenols Molecular StructureDescription and association of odor Odor identification Part A. Fill out this table as you go about wafting the odors from the three samples Odor 7 Odor 8 Odor 9

20. Alcohols Part B. Compare and Contrast Alcohols and Phenols seem to have this in common: Odor 7Odor 8Odor 9

21. Alcohols Part B. Odor 7Odor 8Odor 9 1. Did any of the odors smell similar to you? Which ones? 2. If you look at the molecular structure of the odors that smelled similar, can you provide a reason as to why they smelled so similar, if you thought they did? Odors 8 and 9, have similar molecular shapes and maybe interact with our odorant receptors in similar ways.

22. Alcohols Part B. slide 2 1.No matter which carbon atom you look at in the Full atom version, how many lines are connected to it? 2.If the letters (C, H,O and N) in any molecule you have smelled today, represent atoms in a molecule, what might the lines connecting the letters represent? The short-hand and full atom version of Odor 7 is shown below. Answer the following questions relating to the structures. Always four lines. They represent the chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule.

23. Alcohols Part B. slide 3 Hypothesis: Each vertex needs four lines. If there are less than four lines at a vertex, then lines with an ‘H’ are added until the vertex has a total of four lines. Hint: Question 3 provides a strong clue…… Each carbon atom needs four bonds. If there are less than four bonds at a carbon atom, then hydrogens are added until the carbon atoms has four bonds. Shown below are two short-hand versions of Odor 7, the one on the right includes all of the hydrogen atoms. Look at the arrows pointing at two different carbon atoms in the representation on the left. Now observe in the representation on the right that each of those carbon atoms has a different amount of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Look for a pattern and provide a reason why you think this happens.

24. Alcohols Odor 7 Lime Odor 8 Oregano Odor 9 Thyme

25. Part IV. Terpenes Molecular StructureDescription and association of odor Odor identification Part A. Fill out this table as you go about wafting the odors from the three samples Odor 10 Odor 11 Odor 12

26. Terpenes Part B. Compare and Contrast All terpenes seem to have this in common: Odor 10 Odor 11 Odor 12

27. 1.What fruit type are these odors from? 2.There was another odor you smelled previously that is also from this fruit type, what odor number was it? 3.Do the molecules associated with the odors from this fruit type look like they would smell similar? 4. So why do these odors have a characteristic citrus smell? Hint: think about what we learned from Odor 3….. Terpenes Part B. slide 2 Citrus fruits Odor 7 Odor 10Odor 11Odor 12 Not really… You will find out during the odor identification…

28. 5.Very often, a molecule can be considered to be part of many families because they have more than one functional group. Odor 11 is a good example of this situation. Look at odor 11 again (shown below, but just rotated) and circle the functional group that makes it a part of another family of molecules you have previously identified. Write the name of the family next to odor 11. Terpenes Part B. slide 3 Odor 1 Odor 2 Odor 3 Aldehydes

29. Circle all carbon atoms here 6. For Odor 12(shown below), first find all the carbon atoms by circling them. Then using what you have learned from the Alcohols sections, draw in hydrogen atoms on all carbons that need them. Terpenes Part B. slide 4 Odor 12 First, how many lines do you see at the carbon atoms? Add in necessary hydrogen atoms here

30. The Terpene Odors Odor 10 Orange Odor 11 Lemon Odor 12 Grapefruit

31. Why do citrus fruits have similar smells? Circle all carbon atoms here

32. + It is because of the orange odor!

33. Part V. Ketones Molecular StructureDescription and association of odor Odor identification Part A. Fill out this table as you go about wafting the odors from the three samples Odor 13 Odor 14 Odor 15

34. Ketones Part B. Compare and Contrast Odor 13 Odor 14 Odor 15 All ketones seem to have this in common:

35. Ketones Part B. 2. How many carbon atoms does it have? 3. How many oxygen atoms does it have? 4. How many hydrogen atoms does it have? Odor 13 1.Circle all of the carbon atoms in Odor 13 ten C atoms two O atoms 12 H atoms

36. Ketones Part B. slide 3 5. Draw the full-atom version of odor 13 in the box below Full atom version of Odor 13

37. Ketones Part B. slide 4 6. Circle in all of the carbon atoms in odor 14 shown below on the left. Then determine which carbon atoms need hydrogen atoms and draw them in on the structure on the right.

38. Ketones Odor 13 Peppermint Odor 14 Spearmint Odor 15 Raspberry