1. Tongue

3. Anomalies of the tongue
Aglossia
Tongue tie.
Bifid
Lingual thyroid
Congenical fissured tongue
Geographic tongue
Macroglossia

10. Congenital causes of macroglossia
Cavernous haemangioma
A-V fistulae
Lymphangioma
Neurofibromatosis

12. Aquired causes - Muscular hypertrophy - Amyloidosis - Acromegaly
Aquired causes
- Muscular hypertrophy
- Amyloidosis
- Acromegaly
- Diffuse carcinoma ,sarcoma

14. TONGUE INJURIES Mechanism of injury : Tongue biting (epileptic fit )
Fracture jaw
C/F: bleeding ,if unconscious may be sever
Rx : arrest bleeding (pressure )
Suturing UGA
Haematoma may need tracheostomy

16. Inflammation of tongue
1- Acute :superficial (red, painful) or deep due to streptococcal infection or angioneurotic edema may need tracheostomy 2- Chronic : Due to irritation by smoking, denture ,sharp tooth.(erythroplakia then leukoplakia)

18. Treatment Stop irritation Wash with antiseptic Excisional biopsy
Diathermy coagulation

19. 3. Tuberculer glossitis
4 . Syphilitic glossitis at any stage of the disease 1ry ,2ry and 3ry.
5. Candida glossitis (oral thrush)
6. Apthus ulcer

20. Tongue ulcer 1- Traumatic e.g. denture 2- Inflammatory :
Acute : apthus painful 2 weeks spontaneous healing,lichin planus ,herpetic.
Chronic : tubercular ulcer (undermined edge +submandibular L.N
Treatment: anti TB +antiseptic wash +anesthetic jelly.
Syphilitic ulcer.
Chronic superficial glossitis.
3- Neoplastic :Scc (commonest),lymphoma.

23. The lip

24. Common lesions
1- Herpis simplex infection : - Fever - Trauma 2- Malignant :carcinoma

25. Carcinoma of the lip
Commonly in the lower lip away from the contact with the upper lip.
Only 5%in the upper lip .

26. Spread Laterally rather than deeply.
If uncontrolled it can spread to ant. Triangle of neck and invade the mandible.
L .n. metastasis late.

27. Treatment
Both surgery and radiotherapy are highly effective with cure rate 90%
Up to one third of the lip can be removed with primary suture
Larger tumor needs facial flap.