1. APUSH 42 Key Terms Review #1

2. Period 1 1491-1607 1. Columbian Exchange The exchange of plants animals and diseases between Europe and the New World following the discovery of America in 1492 ----------------------------------- New World crops: corn, tomatoes and potatoes had a ++ effect on the European diet. Old World domesticated animals: horses, cows and pigs had a ++ or --- effect on life in the New World—depends on your pov. European diseases=no bueno for New World, decimating populations, but….. Reading: Charles Mann 1491 Different than the typical analysisCharles Mann 1491 Guns, Germs and Steel-Jared Diamond’s thesis

3. Period 2 1607-1754

4. 3. Half-way Covenant-The Puritans establish the half way covenant to ease requirements for church membership but still maintain control Location? New England 1622 Context Why? 2 nd and 3 rd gen Puritans are not as fervent in their visible sainthood so allowed children of those baptized to be church members and politically, that mattered to have more members. Synthesis: Allegiant: Pure (Triss) or Damaged (Four) Better: Evangelical Fundamentalists (1980’s) and Culture Wars (abortion)

5. Period 2 1607-1754 4 Enlightenment-18 th century philosophy stressing reason can improve the human condition. The natural world provides models for human institutions. Secular! Thomas Jefferson clearly uses this idea in the Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

6. Period 2 1607-1754 5. The First Great Awakening-NOT secular! A wave of religious revivals that spread across the American colonies during the 1730’s and 1740’s Results: immeasurable impact on American Protestantism and religion unifying ideas about faith (click link for more interpretations of results) Resultsresults Basic Idea—you’re a sinner, repent and have a new birth. Puritanism wanes… People: Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the hands of an Angry God

7. Period 3 1754-1800 6. Constitutional Convention-1787, 55 delegates agree to revamp the Articles of Confederation that creates a strong federal government that shares powers with the states – Federalism – Federalists and anti-federalists

8. Period 3 1754-1800 7. Separation of powers-division among legislative, judicial and executive branches of government.

9. Period 31754-1800 8. Checks and Balances- system where each branch of government can check the power of the other branches – Ex-President can veto a bill passed by Congress, Congress can override the veto Synthesis: President Obama(executive) nominates Merrick Garland for the Supreme Court (judicial) and that nominee is approved of or not by the Senate (1/2 of Congress that is given this power in the Constitution)

10. Period 3 1754-1800 9. Hamilton’s financial plans- First Sec of Treasury sought to create a sound financial footing for the new republic by assuming state debts, creating a national bank, and imposing tariffs to protect home industries.

11. Post it note:BRAIN BREAK!!

12. Write on your post it note an answer to this: 1.What are you most proud of lately? OR; 2. What are you most looking forward to this weekend? Take your answer and slap it on the white board in front. High five 3 people before you sit down.

13. Period 4 1800-1848 10 Judicial review-The Supreme Court can strike down an act of Congress by declaring it unconstitutional. Established with Marbury vs Madison(1803) and the powerful John Marshall

14. Period 4 1800-1848 11. American System Henry Clay’s proposal had 3 basic unifying ideas for the young country 1.PROTECTIVE TARIFFS (taxes on imports) 2.NATIONAL BANK 3.INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS (canals and new roads)

15. Period 4 1800-1848

16. Trancendentalism philosophical and literary movement of the 1800’s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrating the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were foremost dudes

18. You Go Thoreau

21. Period 4 1800-1848 14 Utopian Communities- Small self-sufficient communities developed in the early 19 th century Why did this idea come about? Humans can use conscious acts of will to create communities of cooperation and respect: Ex. Brook Farm, New Harmony, Oneida

22. Period 4 1800-1848 15. The Second Great Awakening religious enthusiasm that spread across America between 1800-1830 How is this different than the first great awakening? Middle class women played an important role in making Americans aware of the moral issues posed by slavery Led to: prison reform, abolitionist societies and anti liquor laws, 7 th day adventists, Mormonism, Shakers and Baptists all increased in membership as did the AME (African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church)

23. Help me to help you 1st great awakening 2 nd great awakening Religious movements Protestant More emotional Traveling preachers Lasting impacts

24. Period 41800-1848 16. Jacksonian Democracy Beliefs of Jackson and his followers which include: respect for abilities of common man, expansion of white male suffrage, appointment of political supporters to government positions (spoils system), opposition to eastern elites. Opposed to the “aristocracy” of the Whigs

25. Jacksonian democracy influencing American democracy for decades to come

26. 1800-1848 17. Nullification- the legal theory that a state in the United States has the right to nullify (invalidate) any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional. First introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions in 1798( John C Calhoun South Carolina (federal tariffs were unconstitutional)

28. Period 5 1844-1877 18 Manifest Destiny-19 th century belief that the United States had an obligation to expand westward to the Pacific ocean John Gast 1872 American Progress

29. 1844-1877 19. Popular Sovereignty-settlers of a given territory have the sole right to decide the issue of slavery Led to: extreme divisiveness in Kansas esp.

30. Period 5 1844-1877 20. Reconstruction implemented by Congress reorganization of the governments of the Southern States after the Civil War and allowing them to reenter the Union. Lincoln’s 10 percent plan Radical Republican plan Andrew Johnson impeachment Compromise of 1877

31. Period 6 1865-1898 21. Social Gospel 19 th century reform movement based on the belief that Christian have a responsibility to confront social problems actively Observing America in the late 19th century, British writer G.K. Chesterton called the United States "a nation with the soul of a church."

32. 1865-1898 22 Gospel of Wealth- the belief that the wealthy were the guardians of society and had a duty to serve and lead society in humane ways. Most associated with Andrew Carnegie

33. Period 6 1865-1898 23. Social Darwinism –As in nature, an evolutionary process occurs, with the fittest surviving. Business leaders like John D Rockefeller used this theory to justify their success. “The growth of a large business corporation is merely survival of the fittest…” John D Rockefeller.

34. Period 6 1865-1898 24 Frontier Thesis- Frederick Jackson Turner’s argument that the frontier experience helped make American society more democratic and shaped American values Bagpipe theme alert! American Identity!

35. Period 6 1865-1898 25 New Immigrants During this time period, the massive wave of immigrants who came to the United States between 1880-1924 (Old immigrants came mainly from England, germany, Scandinavia and New immigrants came primarily from small farms and villages in Southern and Eastern Europe) Theme: Migration Bye bye bye!!

36. Period 6 1865-1898 26 Nativism favor the interests of native born people over the interests of immigrants Context Examples: 1840’s Know nothings 1887 American Protective Association Today______________________

37. Period 6 1865-1898 27 Vertical and horizontal integration vertical integration occurs with a company controls both the production and distribution of its product Eg. Andrew Carnegie in steel Horizontal integration occurs when one company gains control over other companies that produce the same product. e.g. John D Rockefeller used horizontal integration in oil

38. Period 7 1890-1945 28. Populism the mainly agrarian movement developed in 1890’s that favored: Farmers and working class Unlimited coinage of silver Government ownership of railroads Remember: Mary Elizabeth Lease Populists were ahead of their time in political platform

39. 1890-1945 29. Progressivism- use government to help create a more just society

40. Progressive Presidents Republican Teddy Roosevelt Trust buster Conserve natural resources Intervened in coal dispute Consumer protection Pure Food and Drug act “Square Deal” Democrat Woodrow Wilson 17 th, 18 th 19 th amendments FTC Anti trust laws Federal Reserve act Underwood Tariff

41. 1898-1945 30. Muckrakers 2oth century journalists who exposed illegal business practices, social injustices and corrupt urban political bosses Can you match them up? Upton Sinclair How the other half lives Jacob Riis The History of Standard Oil Ida Tarbell The Jungle

42. 1898-1945 31. Roaring Twenties The period of social unrest and tension that occurred in the 1920’s with immigration restrictions, the rise of fundamentalism and changing sexual values Evidence or causes? flappers WWI Technology eg birth control

43. Period 7 1898-1945 32 Prohibition From 1919-1933 it was illegal to buy sell or transport alcohol throughout the United States Leads to a rise in organized crime and defiance of law 18 th amendment. Repealed by 21 st amendment

44. Period 8 1945-1980 34 Containment-defines US foreign policy during the Cold War. The Long Telegram-by George Kennan articulates the idea. We need to block or contain the spread of Soviet Communism

45. Period 8 1945-1980 35. McCarthyism-public accusations of disloyalty without sufficient evidence Named after senator Joseph McCarthy who played on the fears of Americans by claiming he knew of communists in the government. Ends up it wasn’t true but he created some paranoia, was censured by the Senate (disciplined) and died of alcoholism.

46. 1945-1980 36. Domino Theory The theory that if one country falls to communism, its neighbors will also be infected and fall to communism Eg. Vietnam falling would lead to all of southeast asia falling to communism

47. Period 8 1945-1980 37. Massive retaliation-military doctrine that developed during the Cold War that asserted that in the event of an attack by the Soviet Union or anyone else we would retaliate with massive force including nuclear weapons Viewed by some as a deterrent to a preemptive strike launched by an enemy of the US

48. 1945-1980 38 Black Power The black power movement of the 1960’s advocated that African Americans establish control of their political and economic lives Black Panthers, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and Huey Newton

49. 1945-1980 39 Watergate –a reference to a series of scandals and coverups that resulted in Richard Nixon being the only president to resign from office 1974

50. 1945-1989 40 Détente-relaxation of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Introduced by Sec of State Henry Kissinger and President Richard Nixon SALT, Expanded trade with the Soviet Union, and President Nixon’s trips to China and Russia

51. Period 9 1980-present 41 Reaganomics –refers to the economic policies of President Ronald Reagan. Also called Supply side economics. Promote growth by cutting taxes for upper and middle class Americans and reduces corporate taxes

52. Period 9 1980 to present 42 Affirmative Action-attempts to open access to education and employment for members of groups that experienced discrimination (based on race, ethnicity or gender) Sometimes affirmative action laws impose quotas for college admission and hiring to rectify past injustices…currently (2016?) there are cases before the Supreme Court trying to overturn Affirmative action policies at universities.

53. BAM! We are done with review number one Dance Party!