2. 1 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour The ILO and its action against Child Labour International action to promote the rights of the child, EU civil society facility, Brussels, 16.09.09

3. 2 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Summary Latest Global Estimates (2006) Rights and Standards Convention No.138 (Minimum Age) Convention No.182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour) IPEC Programme Partners Philosophy and objectives Time-Bound Programme approach The global crisis and child labour

4. 3 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Latest Global Estimates (1) Age groups: 246 million 218million 2004 2000 0 50 100 150 200250 (millions) 5-1415-17 186 59 166 52 Global trends in child labour by age group and year

5. 4 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Latest Global Estimates (2) Hazardous 170 million 126 million 2004 2000 0 50 100 150 200 (millions) 5-1415-17 111 59 74 52 Hazardous Global trends in hazardous work by age group and year

6. 5 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Latest global estimates (3) Asia and the Pacific 2000 2004 19.4 18.8 16.1 5.1 6.8 5.2 28.8 26.4 Latin America & Caribbean Other regions Sub-Saharan Africa 30 20 10 0 Regional trends in the proportion of working children in the age group 5 – 14 years (%)

7. 6 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of the Child UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of the Child ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work Provides that children be protected from economic exploitation and work that threatens their health education and development Provides that children be protected from economic exploitation and work that threatens their health education and development Declares the effective abolition of child labour as a social pillar labour as a social pillar of the global economy Declares the effective abolition of child labour as a social pillar labour as a social pillar of the global economy ILO Minimum Age Convention, No. 138 ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, No. 182 International Principles and Rights

8. 7 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ILO Minimum Age Convention No. 138 (154 ratifications, 09/2009) Requires a national policy for the effective abolition of child labour (Art. 1) Requires a specification of minimum age > end of compulsory education (Art. 2) GeneralExceptions for developing countries Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)15 years14 years Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION (16 years conditionally) Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years GeneralExceptions for developing countries Basic Minimum Age (Art. 2)15 years14 years Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION Hazardous work (Art. 3)18 yearsNO EXCEPTION (16 years conditionally) Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years Light work (Art. 7)13-15 years12-14 years Convention No. 138

9. 8 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182 and its Recommendation No. 190 A new global cause Calls for immediate action to eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION: PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION: «..child labour is to a great extent caused by «..child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and (..) the long-term solution lies in poverty and (..) the long-term solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to social sustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alleviation and progress, in particular poverty alleviation and universal education.. » universal education.. » Convention No.182 and its 10 th AnniversaryRatification by 171 States as of September 2009

10. 9 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour C 182: coverage All sectors of economic activity Girls and boys under 18 years Special attention for most vulnerable e.g. minority groups, very young and girls Worst forms of child labour as priority target for action

11. 10 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Worst Forms of Child Labour a) Children in slavery, forced or compulsory labour, child trafficking Including forced recruitment for use in armed conflict b) Children in prostitution and pornography c) Children in illicit activities d) Children in hazardous work

12. 11 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour C182: Obligations (summary)  Determine and map hazardous work  Establish monitoring mechanisms  Design/implement programmes of action  Develop time bound measures  Enhance international cooperation To take immediate and effective measures to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency (Art. 1)

13. 12 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour C182 in relation with C138 C182 complements C138: Convention No. 138 aims at all forms of child labour Convention No. 138 aims at all forms of child labour Convention No. 182 aims at the worst forms of child labour as a matter of priority Convention No. 182 aims at the worst forms of child labour as a matter of priority

14. 13 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour What is child labour to be abolished? Children between the minimum age and 18 Children between 12/13 and the minimum age Children below 12/13 years of age Work excluded from minimum age legislation Light work Non-hazardous, non-light work Hazardous work (and also other worst forms of child labour) Shaded area = child labour for abolition 14/15/16 12/13 18 C138 C182

15. 14 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Government, employers, workers UN-system and IGOs, in particular UNICEF UN-system and IGOs, in particular UNICEF International and regional development banks (e.g. World Bank) International and regional development banks (e.g. World Bank) NGOs (International, regional, national and local ) NGOs (International, regional, national and local ) Private sector (buisiness) Private sector (buisiness) Universities, judiciary, media, parliamentarians, health and religious organizations and/or institutions Universities, judiciary, media, parliamentarians, health and religious organizations and/or institutions Community-based organizations (local schools, doctors, teachers, chiefs and others) Community-based organizations (local schools, doctors, teachers, chiefs and others) Children and their families Children and their families Committed individuals Partners and alliances

16. 15 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Child Labour PovertyPoverty Poverty causes child labour and child labour causes poverty !! EDUCATION To break the cycle !! Child labour and Poverty

17. 16 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Combating child labour Combating child labour Operations Operations Knowledge/Advocacy Knowledge /Advocacy Programmes and Projects in the field Programmes and Projects in the field Awareness at local, national and international level Awareness at local, national and international level IPEC: Philosophy and objectives

18. 17 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Clear goals – specific targets – defined time frame Definition: A set of integrated & coordinated policies & programmes to prevent & eliminate a country’s worst forms of child labour within a defined period of time. Operates at many levels: international, national, provincial, community, individual/family. Addresses root causes of WFCL. Links to national development effort. Emphasis on “country ownership”. What is the Time-Bound Programme?

19. 18 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour The global crisis and child labour Unique dimensions of present global crisis Impact on developing and vulnerable economies Coping mechanisms of vulnerable households Scarce empirical evidence on schooling and child labour from previous economic shocks Implications for policy and follow-up action by ILO/IPEC Decent work agenda (ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalisation, June 2008)

20. 19 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour The global crisis and child labour ILO Global Jobs Pact, adopted by the ILC through tripartite consensus on 19.06.09 amongst 183 delegations (183 ILO Member states): EU played an active role through the EU coordination at ILC Decent work response to the crisis: action at national, regional and global level Also request by G 20 April 2009 Summit Part of UN system response to the crisis (CEB issues paper)

21. 20 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Some required policy measures Principles and menu of measures for responding to the crisis taking into account national priorities and needs e.g.: Prevent an erosion of progress in eliminating child labour Re-prioritize expenditures to benefit the poor and vulnerable (“Social Stimulus”) Broadening coverage of social protection systems Mitigate the effects on labour markets and education systems Promoting youth employment

22. 21 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ILO action on elimination of child labour in Europe In EU: all 27 EU MS have ratified Conventions 138 and 182 (as well as the 6 other CLS conventions; most EU 27 have ratified other up to date priority conventions) EU 1993 Directive on protection of young workers, including minimum age European social fund and EU social protection and social inclusion strategy (specific and general approach) Past initiatives in Portugal and ongoing initiatives in Romania, Bulgaria (Decent work country programmes in past and now decent work agenda)

23. 22 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour ILO action on elimination of child labour in Europe EU candidate, potential candidate countries and some ENP ILO action in Albania, Kosovo-UNMIK, Moldova, Ukraine See ILO note: 17.000 child labourers and children at risk have received direct services from ILO IPEC (no EU funds, bilateral funds from Germany, US). ILO action in Turkey: EU pre-access financial assistance 2005-2007 funded ILO IPEC programme other funds intervened to support the ILO-Turkey 1992-2006 long term strategic action plan as well as other ongoing action Child labour survey (2007): 958.000 children between 6 and 17 age engaged in economic activity; 502.000 in rural economy), in 1994 2.269.0000 children at work

24. 23 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour EU support for ILO action on child labour in the world EU action on the rights of children: June 2009 EU Forum was dealing with child labour Development and external aid: mainly Africa (ACP), EU- LAC social cohesion initative, some initiatives in Asia (e.g. Pakistan) EU trade and trade related policy: GSP and GSP plus, bilateral agreements Broader decent work agenda: growing EU support for a broader approch e.g. skills development, extending social protection coverage

25. 24 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour 4, Route des Morillons CH-1211 Geneva 22 Switzerland Tel.: (+41 - 22) 799 81 81 Fax: (+41 - 22) 799 87 71 E-mail: ipec@ilo.org ipec@ilo.org Brussels@ilo.org ILO Brussels website www.ilo.org/brussels Child labour website: http://www.ilo.org/childlabour For more information: please contact