1. Leviticus 16 The Day of Atonement

2. Leviticus 23:27–28 (NASB95) the day of atonement (“Yom kip·pǔ·rîm”) a day of atonement 27 “On exactly the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement (“Yom kip·pǔ·rîm”); it shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall humble your souls and present an offering by fire to YaHWeH. 28 “You shall not do any work on this same day, for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement on your behalf before YaHWeH your God.

3. Leviticus 17:11 (NLT) 11 for the life of the body is in its blood. I have given you the blood on the altar to purify you, making you right with YaHWeH. It is the blood, given in exchange for a life, that makes purification possible.

4. The Day of Atonement - Yom Kippur

7. Leviticus 16:1 1 YaHWeH spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons, who died after they entered YaHWeH’s presence and burned the wrong kind of fire before him. Leviticus 10:1–2 (NASB95) 1 Now Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took their respective firepans, and after putting fire in them, placed incense on it and offered strange fire before the L ORD, which He had not commanded them. 2 And fire came out from the presence of the L ORD and consumed them, and they died before the L ORD.

8. SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 1234567 Tabernacle Set-up Ex 40 Tribal Offerings Num.7 Priests Training Lev 1-7 Offerings Priests Training Offerings Priests Training Offerings Priests Training Offerings Priests Training Offerings Shabbat 891011121314 Priests Training Offerings Priests Training Offerings Ordination, Glory of the Lord, Aaron’s sons die, Lamb chosen, Offerings Offerings Priests Training, Levites set apart Num. 3-4 Offerings Priests Training Offerings Priests Training Shabbat Passover Num. 9 15161718192021 Feast Of UnleavenedBread Shabbat 22232425262728 Priests Training Lev. 10-27 Num. 5-6 Priests Training Priests Training Priests Training Priests Training Priests Training Shabbat 2930 Priests Training

9. 16:2 (“Kodesh”) 2 YaHWeH said to Moses, “Warn your brother, Aaron, not to enter the Most Holy (“Kodesh”) Place behind the inner curtain whenever he chooses; if he does, he will die. For the Ark’s cover—the place of atonement—is there, and I myself am present in the cloud above the atonement cover.

10. Exodus 33:18–23 (NASB95) Your glory!” My goodness 18 Then Moses said, “I pray You, show me Your glory!” 19 And He said, “I Myself will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of the L ORD, before you; and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show compassion on whom I will show compassion.” 20 But He said, “You cannot see My face, for no man can see Me and live!”

11. 16:3-4 4 He must put on his linen tunic and the linen undergarments worn next to his body. 3 “When Aaron enters the sanctuary area, he must follow these instructions fully. He must bring a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He must put on his linen tunic and the linen undergarments worn next to his body. He must tie the linen sash around his waist and put the linen turban on his head. These are sacred garments, so he must bathe himself in water before he puts them on.

12. He also had to wear a special uniform, not the ornate garments that he usually wore to carry out his regular duties. This uniform consisted of four white garments and made him appear more as a slave than as a king. This dress was even simpler than that worn by the other priests. Tom Constable

13. Philippians 2:5–8 (NASB95) but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. 5 Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus, 6 who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. 8 Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.

14. 16:5-6 5 Aaron must take from the community of Israel two male goats for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 6 “Aaron will present his own bull as a sin offering to purify himself and his family, making them right with the YaHWeH.

15. 16:7-9 one lot for the L ORD and the other lot for “Azazel”. 7 Then he must take the two goats and present them to the YaHWeH at the entrance of the Tabernacle. 8 “Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the L ORD and the other lot for “Azazel”. 9 Aaron will then present as a sin offering the goat chosen by lot for YaHWeH.

16. “Azazel” The significance of sending the goat to Azazel seems to have been that as one goat had served to cleanse the people from their sins, the other goat had carried those sins back to their author. Robert Cate Apparently “Azazel” was the name of something that was the opposite of God. This would indicate that we should identify him as the chief of the forces of evil, hence as the devil. (He seems to have been so identified in the non-biblical book of Enoch.) The significance of sending the goat to Azazel seems to have been that as one goat had served to cleanse the people from their sins, the other goat had carried those sins back to their author. Robert Cate

17. 16:10 10 The other goat, the scapegoat (Lit. “for Azazel”) chosen by lot to be sent away, will be kept alive, standing before YaHWeH. When it is sent away to Azazel in the wilderness, the people will be purified and made right with YaHWeH. 22 As the goat goes into the wilderness, it will carry all the people’s sins upon itself into a desolate land.

18. 16:11-12 his own bull as a sin offering to purify himself 11 “Aaron will present his own bull as a sin offering to purify himself and his family, making them right with YaHWeH. After he has slaughtered the bull as a sin offering, 12 he will fill an incense burner with burning coals from the altar that stands before YaHWeH. Then he will take two handfuls of fragrant powdered incense and will carry the burner and the incense behind the inner curtain.

19. 16:13-14 the Ark of the Covenant the Mercy Seat 13 There in YaHWeH’s presence he will put the incense on the burning coals so that a cloud of incense will rise over the Ark’s cover—the place of atonement—that rests on the Ark of the Covenant. If he follows these instructions, he will not die. 14 Then he must take some of the blood of the bull, dip his finger in it, and sprinkle it on the east side of the Mercy Seat. He must sprinkle blood seven times with his finger in front of the Mercy Seat.

21. Hebrews 9:11–12 (NASB95) He entered the Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption. 11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things to come, He entered through the greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation; 12 and not through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, He entered the Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.

22. 16:15-16 he will purify the Most Holy Place, and he will do the same for the entire Tabernacle, because of the defiling sin and rebellion of the Israelites. 15 “Then Aaron must slaughter the first goat as a sin offering for the people and carry its blood behind the inner curtain. There he will sprinkle the goat’s blood over the atonement cover and in front of it, just as he did with the bull’s blood. 16 Through this process, he will purify the Most Holy Place, and he will do the same for the entire Tabernacle, because of the defiling sin and rebellion of the Israelites.

23. Hebrews 9:23–26 (NASB95) 23 Therefore it was necessary for the copies of the things in the heavens to be cleansed with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ did not enter a holy place made with hands, a mere copy of the true one, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us…

24. 25 nor was it that He would offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the holy place year by year with blood that is not his own. 26 Otherwise, He would have needed to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now once at the consummation of the ages He has been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself.

25. 16:17 No one else is allowed inside the Tabernacle when Aaron enters it for the purification ceremony in the Most Holy Place. 17 No one else is allowed inside the Tabernacle when Aaron enters it for the purification ceremony in the Most Holy Place. No one may enter until he comes out again after purifying himself, his family, and all the congregation of Israel, making them right with YaHWeH.

26. The unique and significant feature about this day was that the high priest alone performed the ritual. He had no assistance whatsoever. All the other priests retired from the tabernacle. He alone entered, for the work of atonement was his. J. Vernon McGee

27. Isaiah 53:3 (NLT) 3 He was despised and rejected— a man of sorrows, acquainted with deepest grief. We turned our backs on him and looked the other way. He was despised, and we did not care. John 1:10–11 (NLT) 10 He came into the very world he created, but the world didn’t recognize him. 11 He came to his own people, and even they rejected him.

28. 16:18-19 18 “Then Aaron will come out to purify the altar that stands before YaHWeH. He will do this by taking some of the blood from the bull and the goat and putting it on each of the horns of the altar. 19 Then he must sprinkle the blood with his finger seven times over the altar. In this way, he will cleanse it from Israel’s defilement and make it holy.

29. 16:20-21 21 He will lay both of his hands on the goat’s head and confess over it all the wickedness (iniquity), rebellion, and sins of the people of Israel. In this way, he will transfer the people’s sins to the head of the goat 20 “When Aaron has finished purifying the Most Holy Place and the Tabernacle and the altar, he must present the live goat. 21 He will lay both of his hands on the goat’s head and confess over it all the wickedness (iniquity), rebellion, and sins of the people of Israel. In this way, he will transfer the people’s sins to the head of the goat.

30. 16:21-22 Then a man specially chosen for the task will drive the goat into the wilderness. 22 As the goat goes into the wilderness, it will carry all the people’s sins upon itself into a desolate land.

31. In the Day of Atonement ceremony, the first animal pictures the means for atonement, the shedding of blood in the sacrificial death. The scapegoat pictures the effect of atonement, the removal of guilt. Mark Rooker

32. Psalm 103 8 YahWeH is compassionate and gracious, Slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness. our sins our iniquities 7 He made known His ways to Moses, His acts to the sons of Israel. 8 YahWeH is compassionate and gracious, Slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness. 9 He will not always strive with us, Nor will He keep His anger forever. 10 He has not dealt with us according to our sins, Nor rewarded us according to our iniquities. 11 For as high as the heavens are above the earth, So great is His lovingkindness toward those who fear Him.

33. Exodus 34:6–7 (NASB95) “YaHWeH, YaHWeH God, compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in lovingkindness and truth; 6 Then YaHWeH passed by in front of him and proclaimed, “YaHWeH, YaHWeH God, compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in lovingkindness and truth; 7 who keeps lovingkindness for thousands…, who forgives iniquity, transgression and sin; yet He will by no means leave the guilty unpunished, visiting the iniquity of fathers on the children and on the grandchildren to the third and fourth generations.”

34. Psalm 103:12-13 12 As far as the east is from the west, So far has He removed our transgressions from us.

35. John 1:29 (NLT) 29 The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! 2 Corinthians 5:21 (NASB95) 21 He (God) made Him (Jesus) who knew no sin, (to be) sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

36. “Atonement means that a price is paid and blood is shed, because life must be given for life.” Warren Wiersbe “We strongly reject, therefore, every explanation of the death of Christ which does not have at its center the principle of ‘satisfaction through substitution,’ indeed divine self-satisfaction through divine self- substitution.” John Stott

37. 1 Peter 2:22–25 (NLT) 25 Once you were like sheep who wandered away. But now you have turned to your Shepherd, the Guardian of your souls. 22 He never sinned, nor ever deceived anyone. 23 He did not retaliate when he was insulted, nor threaten revenge when he suffered. He left his case in the hands of God, who always judges fairly. 24 He personally carried our sins in his body on the cross so that we can be dead to sin and live for what is right. By his wounds you are healed. 25 Once you were like sheep who wandered away. But now you have turned to your Shepherd, the Guardian of your souls.

38. 16:26 (Lit. “Releases the ‘Sa-ir’ (goat-demon) to ‘Azazel’”) 26 “The man chosen to drive the scapegoat into the wilderness of Azazel (Lit. “Releases the ‘Sa-ir’ (goat-demon) to ‘Azazel’”) must wash his clothes and bathe himself in water. Then he may return to the camp.

39. 16:29 (humble, afflict or oppress) 29 “On the tenth day of the appointed month in early autumn, you must deny (humble, afflict or oppress) yourselves. Neither native-born Israelites nor foreigners living among you may do any kind of work. This is a permanent law for you… 31 It will be a Sabbath day of complete rest for you, and you must deny yourselves. This is a permanent law for you.

40. No human activity was necessary nor did God permit it in addition to the sacrifice that He provided to atone for sin. The language used here is used elsewhere in connection with fasting (Ps 35:13; Isa 58:3, 5). The Day of Atonement was Israel’s only legally prescribed day of fasting. Fasting was an indication that the practitioner regarded his need to seek God as more pressing than his need to feed his body. It often accompanied prayer. Refraining from work resulted from the same sense of priority. No human activity was necessary nor did God permit it in addition to the sacrifice that He provided to atone for sin. Tom Constable

41. James 4:8–10 (NLT) 8 Come close to God, and God will come close to you. Wash your hands, you sinners; purify your hearts, for your loyalty is divided between God and the world. 9 Let there be tears for what you have done. Let there be sorrow and deep grief. Let there be sadness instead of laughter, and gloom instead of joy. 10 Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will lift you up in honor.

42. Hebrews 10:19–22 (NLT) For our guilty consciences have been sprinkled with Christ’s blood to make us clean, and our bodies have been washed with pure water. 19 And so, dear brothers and sisters, we can boldly enter heaven’s Most Holy Place because of the blood of Jesus. 20 By his death, Jesus opened a new and life-giving way through the curtain into the Most Holy Place. 21 And since we have a great High Priest who rules over God’s house, 22 let us go right into the presence of God with sincere hearts fully trusting him. For our guilty consciences have been sprinkled with Christ’s blood to make us clean, and our bodies have been washed with pure water.

43. Communion