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Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter Seven: Interest Groups.

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Presentation on theme: "Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter Seven: Interest Groups."— Presentation transcript:

1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter Seven: Interest Groups

2 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 1.Describe the basic characteristics of interest groups, and provide three major reasons why Americans join them. 2.List the major types of interest groups, especially those with economic motivations. 3.Evaluate the factors that make some interest groups especially effective. 4.Discuss direct and indirect interest group techniques. 5.Describe the main ways in which lobbyists are regulated.

3 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 Interest Groups: A Natural Phenomenon Interest Groups and Social Movements These women wanted the right to vote in 1900. Did they have many supporters then?

4 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4 Lobbyists hold a lunch meeting in Washington, D.C. Why does lobbying have constitutional protection? Linda Davidson/The Washington Post via Getty Images

5 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5 Why Do Americans Join Interest Groups? Solidary incentives Material incentives Purposive incentives

6 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 6 Economic Interest Groups Business interest groups Agricultural interest groups Labor interest groups Labor’s decline Public employee unions The political environment faced by labor

7 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7 This twenty-four-year-old Pennsylvania dairy farmer has a Penn State degree in agriculture. He has taken over the farm from his father, who died two years ago. Why is it hard to become a farmer if you were not raised in a farm family? AP Photo, Erie Times-News, Greg Wohlford

8 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8 Economic Interest Groups (cont.) Interest groups of professionals Ex. American Bar Association The unorganized poor

9 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9 These writers are members of the Writers Guild of America in Hollywood, California. If you were to classify this interest group, what kind would it be? © Charley Galley/Getty Images

10 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

11 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11 Reverend Tony Minor is a lobbyist for Lutheran Metropolitan Ministries in Ohio and pastor of a Cleveland church. Many religious lobbyists are more interested in advocating for the poor than in issues such as same-sex marriage. Why might this be so? Lynn Ischay/The Plain Dealer/Landov

12 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12 Environmental Groups Today’s environmental groups Global warming

13 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13 A Consumers Union (CU) technician tests the effects of shampoo samples on hair. How important are CU’s recommendations? Yvonne Hernsey/Getty Images

14 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14 Public-Interest Groups The consumer movement Ralph Nader Other public-interest groups

15 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15 Other Interest Groups Ideological groups Ex. Americans for Democratic Action Identity groups Ex. NAACP Foreign Interest Groups

16 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16 Grover Norquist of Americans for Tax Reform displays a pledge against tax increases that most Republicans in Congress have signed. The mask is of Guy Fawkes, who tried to blow up the English Parliament in 1605. Was Fawkes a terrorist? Bill O'Leary/The Washington Post via Getty Images

17 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17 What Makes an Interest Group Powerful? Size and resources Leadership Cohesiveness

18 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18 President Obama shakes hands with leaders of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee after a speech. Why does Israel have so much support among Americans? Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

19 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19 Interest Groups and Representative Democracy Interest groups: elitist or pluralist? Interest group influence Concentrated benefits, dispersed costs

20 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20 James Brady was shot and disabled during an attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan in 1981. He and his wife, Sarah, were activists against gun violence. What interest group might oppose the Bradys’ attempts to win gun control legislation? AP Photo/Kenneth Lambert

21 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21 Interest Groups and the Political Parties Interest groups and party coalitions Nonpartisan interest groups

22 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22 Direct Techniques Lobbying techniques Common activities The ratings game Building alliances Campaign assistance Citizens United v. FEC

23 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 AP Photo/Atlanta Journal-Constitution/Jason Getz Georgia governor Nathan Deal (on the left) meets with a lobbyist during a session of that state’s legislature. Why would he willingly be photographed with lobbyists?

24 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 24 Indirect Techniques Generating public pressure Climate control Using constituents as lobbyists Astroturf lobbying Unconventional forms of pressure Boycott

25 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25 Nicholas Kamm/AFP/Getty Images Members of the NAACP oppose a Supreme Court ruling that struck down part of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. How effective are demonstrations?

26 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 26 The Results of the 1946 Act The Reforms of 1995 Lobbying Scandals and the Reforms of 2007 Honest Leadership and Open Government Act Recent Developments

27 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 27 Click picture to view video

28 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 28 1.What specific interest groups are represented by the protestors? 2.Should states meet pension commitments for public employees, even if they must borrow from other programs? 3.When are public demonstrations a successful strategy?

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