1. 2 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. RAC and Shared Storage

2. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 2 Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to understand: RAC and shared storage technologies Oracle Cluster File System Automatic Storage Management

3. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 3 RAC and Shared Storage Technologies Storage is a critical component of grids: –Fundamental sharing storage –New technology trends Supported shared storage for Oracle grids: –Network Attached Storage –Storage Area Network Supported file storage for Oracle grids: –Raw volumes –Cluster file system –ASM

4. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 4 Notes only page

5. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 5 Oracle Cluster File System Is a shared disk cluster file system for Linux and Windows Improves management of data for RAC by eliminating the need to manage raw devices Provides open solution on the operating system-side (Linux), free, and open source Can be downloaded from OTN: –http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs/ (Linux)http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs/ –http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/ oracle10g/index.html (Windows)http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/ oracle10g/index.html

6. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 6 Automatic Storage Management Portable and high-performance cluster file system Manages Oracle database files Data spread across disks to balance load Integrated mirroring across disks Solves many storage management challenges ASM File system Volume manager Operating system Application Database

7. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 7 ASM: Key Features and Benefits Stripes files rather than logical volumes Online disk reconfiguration and dynamic rebalancing Adjustable rebalancing speed Provides redundancy on a file basis Supports only Oracle database files Database cluster file system with performance of RAW I/O usable on all storage platforms Automatic database file management No more hot spots: Eliminate manual I/O tuning......................................................................................................................................................................................................

8. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 8 ASM: New Concepts Database Tablespace Segment Extent Oracle block Data file Physical block ASM disk group ASM disk ASM file Allocation unit File-system file or raw device

9. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 9 ASM: General Architecture ASM instance SID= +ASM1 ASM instance SID= +ASM2 ASM disks ASM disk group TomASM disk group BobASM disk group Harry DB instance SID= sales1 DB instance SID= test1 DB instance SID= sales2 DB instance SID= test2 ASMB FG Node2Node1 Group Services tom=+ASM1 bob=+ASM1 harry=+ASM1 Group Services tom=+ASM2 bob=+ASM2 harry=+ASM2 DBW 0 ASMB RBAL ARB 0 ARB A … ARB 0 ARB A … ASMB RBAL GMON

10. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 10 ASM: General Architecture

11. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 11 How Many ASM Disk Groups Per Database Two Disk Groups are recommended –Leverage maximum of LUNs –Backups can be stored on one FRA disk group –Lower performance may be used for FRA (or inner tracks) Exceptions –Additional Disk Groups for different capacity or performance characteristics –Different ILM storage tiers Data DG FRA DG ERP DB CRM DB HR DB

12. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 12 Database Storage Consolidation Shared storage across several databases –RAC and single Instance can use the same ASM instance Benefits: –Simplified and centralized management –Higher storage utilization –Higher performance Payroll GLPayroll & GL 10 x 50 GB 10 x 100 GB … … …

13. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 13 ASM: Administration Page

14. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 14 ASM Scalability ASM imposes the following limits: 63 disk groups 10,000 ASM disks 4 petabyte per ASM disk 40 exabyte of storage 1 million files per disk group Maximum file size: –External redundancy: 35 TB –Normal redundancy: 5.8 TB –High redundancy: 3.9 TB

15. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 15 Possible Alternatives to ASM Using CFS: –Simpler management –Use of OMF with RAC –Single Oracle software installation –Autoextend Using raw: –Performance –Use when CFS not available –Cannot be used for ARCHIVELOG files (on UNIX)

16. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 16 Demos Install ASM in its own home directory in a RAC. http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/demos/admin/demos.html

17. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 17 Summary In this lesson, you should have learned about: RAC and shared storage technologies Oracle Cluster File System Automatic Storage Management

18. Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 2 - 18