1. Fibres, Surgical dressings & Sutures.
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2. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.M. Vara Prasad
Designation : Senior Lecturer
Branch : Pharmacy
Institute : Government Polytechnic for women,
Kadapa
Year : First year
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject code : Ph-103 (2/2)
Topic : Fibres, Surgical dressings & Sutures.
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub-topic : Surgical dressings & sutures.
Teaching aids : PPT, animations & photographs.
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3. Recap In the last class we learnt about
The different types of fibres both natural and other types used in the preparation of Surgical dressings and Sutures
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4. Objectives
On completion of this lesson you would be able to know about:
Surgical Dressings
&
Sutures and Ligatures
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5. Surgical Dressings
Natural Fibres used for the preparation of Surgical Dressings obtained from
Plants
Animals
Minerals
Synthetic
& other Fibres
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6. Surgical dressings Bandage Surgical sutures Ligatures
Fig.82.1
Fig.82.2
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7. Surgical dressings :
Material used alone or in combination to cover wound
Protects the wound and favours its proper healing
Material which holds the dressing in desired position………BANDAGE
Made up of fibres.
Fig.82.3
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8. Functions Reduce or prevent infection
Mechanical support to the tissues
Protection to healing wound
Fig.82.4
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9. Pharmacopoeial requirements
Sterilised before use
Stored in dry, well-ventilated place below 25 C
Permitted antiseptics in prescribed concentrations be used
Dyed unless mentioned in monograph
Adhesive products not allowed to freeze
No loose threads, fibre ends o
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10. Types of recognised surgical dressings
1 Fibres & related materials : Viscose, wool, cellulose
wadding
2 Carded products : Absorbent cotton, viscose wadding.
3 Non-extensible, non-adhesive woven products :
Absorbent muslin, Domette bandage
4 Non-extensible adhesive woven products : Belladonna
adhesive plaster, zinc oxide adhesive plaster.
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11. 6 Extensible adhesive woven products : Elastic adhesive bandage,
5 Extensible non-adhesive products : Cotton bandage, Elastic
web bandage.
6 Extensible adhesive woven products : Elastic adhesive
bandage,
Extension plaster
7 Non-woven products : Impermeable plastic surgical
adhesive tape, Permeable plastic
surgical adhesive tape.
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12. Properties Absorbing wound exudates from the site
Prevent or combat infection
Physical protection to wound
Mechanical support to the surrounding tissues
Should not adhere to the granulating surface
Easy to handle at all stages
Durable
Free from loose threads, ends or fibres
Easily sterilised
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13. Surgical dressing consists of
1 Wound facing layer :
Inner layer Closest to the wound containing antiseptics and healing agents
2 Absorbent layer :
Middle layer absorbs blood or pus or any exudate from
wound
3 Outer layer :
outer layer supports the inner layers
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14. Special dressings : Pyroxillin, Acrylic polymer
Absorbable Haemostats :
Human fibrin foam
Absorbable gelatin sponge
Oxidised cellulose
Calcium alginate
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15. Sutures & Ligatures
Sterile threads or strings specially prepared for use in surgery
Sutures used for sewing or stitching together tissues like
skin, muscle or tendon by using Needle
Ligatures used to tie & constrict
blood vessel vein or artery and no needle is used
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16. Properties Sterility Adequate mechanical strength Non-irritant
Fine gauze
Time of absorption if absorbable
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17. Classification Absorbable sutures : Non-absorbable sutures :
Absorbed & digested in the tissues of the body
e.g. surgical catgut,
kangaroo tendon
synthetic absorbable
polymers
Non-absorbable sutures :
Not absorbed, remain in the
body, to be removed after
wound healing.
e.g. Silk cotton nylon
synthetic polyesters
stainless steel
Fig.82.5
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18. Absorbable sutures : Surgical catgut : Kangaroo tendon :
Sterile strand prepared from collagen healthy
animals like sheep and cattle
Kangaroo tendon :
Prepared from tails of kangaroo
Synthetic polyesters :
Condensed cyclic derivatives of glycolic acid with cyclic derivatives of lactic acid
high tensile strength degraded by hydrolysis and absorbed by the tissues
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19. Non-absorbable sutures…
……..must be removed after wound healing
Silk sutures :
Spinned or twisted fibres into a single strand
smooth and strong
Cotton sutures:
Uniform in size used in critical parts where
strength of suture required for long time
Nylon sutures:
Microfilaments braided into strands strong
water resistant used in skin plastic surgery
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20. ………Non-absorbable sutures
Linen suture :
Cheap, very strong
no uniformity in diameter
Metallic sutures :
Silver & stainless steel used as surgical aid
monofilaments, twists and braids
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21. Sterilisation of sutures
Chemical method :
Sterilisation by Iodine solution long time and tedious
Sterilisation by heat :
Boilable method :
Heating in high B.P. liquid like Tolune or Xylene in
glass tube which was sterilised in Autoclave requires
high temperature for drying,suture becomes stiff
need soaking in sterilised water before use
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22. Non- boilable method
Suture in foil pack or plastic packet in alcohol with little water heated temperature should not be very high as it affects its quality.
Irradiation method :
Exposing the suture in finally sealed container to electron
particles / gamma rays from cobalt 60
sterilisation dose 2.5 mega rads.
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23. SUMMARY Properties In this class we learnt about
Surgical dressings :
Properties
Types
Functions
Surgical sutures & ligatures
Uses
Sterilisation methods
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24. Quiz Any material that covers, protects and aids in healing of wound
a) surgical fibre
b) surgical dressing
c) bandage
d) suture
Material that holds and keeps dressing in position
a) surgical dressing
b) bandage
c) suture
d) ligature
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25. …..QUIZ Sterile threads used for sewing skin and tissues with a needle
a) dressing
b) bandage
c) suture
d) ligature
Most effective method of sterilisation of surgical catgut
a) heating with iodine solution
b) autoclaving
c) irradiation
d) hot air oven
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26. Questions Define surgical dressings and classify them with examples.
Classify surgical sutures and ligatures with examples.
Define surgical suture and what are the properties of an ideal suture ?
Differentiate the absorbable sutures and non-absorbable sutures.
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