1. A Review of US History for the EOC MRS. PEYTON & MR. HART (BUT MOSTLY LOGAN NAPIER AND IN NO WAY AT ALL DID EMILY BALL HELP)

2. George W Bush  Deregulation: an economic policy in which government loosens restrictions on corporations

3. Deficit Spending  When a government spends more money than it brings in

4. Patriot Act  Government's response to 9/11, provided for increased surveillance and is seen as a loss of freedoms/privacy rights

5. United States aid to Afghanistan in 1980's Aided them to help defend against a Soviet invasion of their country

6. Industrial Revolution  The modern day development of information technology has had an impact similar to it.

7. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)  The trade agreement between Canada, U.S. and Mexico created a potential for job losses, wage cuts, and environmental abuses.

8. President Reagan's Foreign Policy (1980's)  The path to peace lies in America's strength and willingness to assist anticommunist forces throughout the world, BY GOD.  Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev began 2 new policies  Glasnost: an openness (transparency with the government)  Perestroika: restructuring (more capitalist)

9. President Carter's difficulties (late '70's): Rising unemployment Iranian hostage crisis Energy crisis (Middle East controlled oil, therefore prices)

10. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) for women's equality  Social conservatives affiliated with several Christian denominations led opposition to the ERA and emerged as a powerful political force.

11. Flower Power Image  It symbolizes the tension between nonviolent civil disobedience and the threat of force.

12. Détente: an easing of tension  Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China  Official recognition of China & opening diplomatic relations

13. César Chávez  Known for leadership on labor issues for migrant workers.

14. Civil Rights tactics  Martin Luther King, Jr. & the Southern Christian Leadership Conference: Nonviolent or Civil Disobedience  Malcolm X: Nation of Islam supported blacks defending themselves

15. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962  Soviets intend to put missiles on Cuba  JFK establishes a quarantine  Khrushchev removes  US pledges not to invade; missiles in Turkey removed  WWIII averted!  It led to improved communications between the two countries

16. Rock and Roll music  Broke down racial barriers  It appealed to both races because it developed out of both musical traditions.  Encouraged protests, challenging authority

17. Domino Theory  If one country falls to communism, many more will

18. GI Bill 1944  Allowed veterans to attend college  Helped transition veterans back into the workforce

19. Nuremberg Trials  WWII victors put Nazi officials on trial for crimes against humanity  Revealed details of the Holocaust

20. Rosie the Riveter  Famous poster symbolizing women in the workforce for WWII

21. Battle of Midway  First significant naval success the US had over Japan  Marked a turning point in the Pacific Theater

22. WWII rationing & price controls  The U.S. government introduced this to limit individuals usage of certain necessary items (food, gas, metals, etc.) vital to the war effort  Result was that people had money to spend after the war was over and goods to spend them on

23. Pearl Harbor  December 7, 1941  We declare war on Japan  Germany and Italy then declare war on us

24. Internment camps  Reaction to Pearl Harbor, Executive Order 9066 calls for over 100,000 Japanese Americans to be rounded up and put into camps out West  Challenged under Korematsu v. U.S., but the Supreme Court upholds the governments actions

25. Onset of the Great Depression  Overproduction in agriculture and industry  High tariffs and war debts  Unequal distribution of wealth  Speculation on the stock market  Installment plans increased consumer debt  Stock Market Crash

26. Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic Ocean  A hero of the 1920s, Lindbergh solo flight in "The Spirit of St. Louis" symbolized the tremendous possibilities of air travel

27. Roaring Twenties Flapper  Some 1920's women/girls embraced a new fashion: short hair, higher skirts, drinking, smoking & dancing

28. Mass production—Consumerism, advertising, installment plan  All of these represent the economy of the 1920's

29. Red Scare & Palmer Raids  Fear of Communism  Investigations led by A. Mitchell Palmer, targeting immigrants and labor unions

30. Plessy v. Ferguson  Upheld the separate but equal law and spread to north not only in south

31. Sacco and Vanzetti  Two Italian immigrants are accused of theft and murder  Though evidence is unclear, public opinion quickly turns against them because they are Italian and anarchists  They are found guilty and executed  The case symbolizes the growing paranoia Americans have of immigrants and the fear of communism and anarchism during the 1920s

32. Scopes "Monkey" Trial  John T. Scopes teaches evolution in a Dayton, TN classroom  Though he loses the case, it symbolizes the clash in the 1920s between the forces of science/change/urban values and the more traditional/rural/conservative values

33. Korematsu v. U.S.

34. President Wilson's Fourteen Points  To provide a plan for just and lasting peace to end WWI  Included the League of Nations

35. Prior to U.S. entry into WWI, what factor most challenged its neutrality  Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare  But remember: Lusitania sunk in 1915; we don't enter war until 1917

36. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory tragedy  Fire in a clothing factory kills 145 in New York  This exposes the widespread lack of safety precautions and poor working conditions in early 1900 factories

37. President Taft's Dollar Diplomacy  American foreign policy aimed at Latin America and East Asia by investing in those areas to create stability and promote U.S. commercial interests

38. Upton Sinclair—muckrackers  Muckrakers – term used in the Progressive Era for American journalists/writers who exposed the ills of society  Upton Sinclair wrote, The Jungle – exposing the terrible conditions of workers in the meatpacking industry, as well as the unsanitary condition in which meat was handled

39. Monroe Doctrine & Roosevelt Corollary  Monroe Doctrine - U.S. foreign policy that opposed European nations intervening in the affairs of nations in the western hemisphere  Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – Latin American nations must keep order or the United States will come down and fix it for them

40. President Theodore Roosevelt's trustbuster  Roosevelt believed that business monopolies could potentially hurt the public interest  However, he did distinguish between good and bad trusts, only going after the bad ones

41. U.S. interests in China—Boxer Rebellion  The Open Door policy attempted to secure for America the same power as European nations had to openly trade in China  A group of Chinese (known as the Boxers) attempt to kick out all Westerners from China

42. 1903 revolt in Central America— Panama Canal  U.S. encouraged this revolt because the Colombian government refused to ratify an agreement allowing construction of the Panama Canal  After we help Panama become a new country, we build the Panama Canal

43. Philippines after the Spanish-American War  President McKinley decided to keep control after the war to increase commercial opportunities for U.S. trade in Asia  The Filipinos do not want this and then fight the United States  We lose more soldiers here than during the Spanish-American War

44. 1893 overthrow of Hawaiian government  U.S. government participated in the removal of Queen Liliuokalani because of her attempt to reduce the political influence of American sugar planters  Hawaii is then annexed and later becomes a state  Pearl Harbor is here

45. Alfred Thayer Mahan—The Influence of Sea Power Upon History  Mahan said that a nation benefited from having a strong navy and the overseas bases needed to maintain it  Important to America's expansion/imperialism in the late 1800s

46. William Jennings Bryan's 1886 "Cross of Gold" Speech  Main topic of this speech was changing the U.S. government's monetary policy by freely coining silver (both silver and gold would back U.S. dollars)  This would put more money in circulation and help farmers (Populists) pay off their debts with cheaper money  It would cause inflation

47. Populist Party  Political party made up primarily of farmers who wanted the government to regulate railroads and put more money in circulation  Many of their ideas were later adopted by the Progressives

48. Nativists  Americans who supported only native- born citizens  Nativists considered immigrants from southern and eastern Europe more difficult to assimilate into American culture than earlier immigrants

49. John D. Rockefeller Reacts to Government Restrictions on their Businesses  Placed his company under the controls of a board of trustees to avoid anti-monopoly laws

50. City Bosses and their Political Machines  Kept control of the city governments by providing aid to citizens in exchange for their political support  They controlled major cities  Very much used the immigrant vote to stay in power

51. Feminists in the Late-Nineteenth Century  Feminists disagreed on the suffrage movements goals and tactics after women's suffrage was not included in the 15th admendment

52. Policy towards American Indians After the Civil War  Dawes Act:  Apportionment of tribal property to individuals

53. Wade Davis Bill  Congress's counter to Lincoln's 10% plan  It required a majority of Southerners to take an oath of loyalty to be admitted back into the Union

54. 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment  13th -- abolition of slavery  14th – citizenship to all born or naturalized the U.S.; citizens guaranteed due process of law and equal protection under the law  15th – cannot be denied the right to vote based on race

55. Anaconda Plan  The Union military strategy against the Confederacy to completely surround them so the South could not get access to supplies

56. Underground Railroad  Network of escape routes for slaves out of the South  Some to the North, some to Canada, some south out of the country

57. Northern States Had What Advantages Over Southern States  A more extensive railroad system  More industry  An established government  Larger population

58. Reform Movement  Abolition, prison reform, education, temperance, and women's rights were all popular reform movements in the mid 1800's

59. Feminism During the Antebellum Period  Involvement of women in a variety of reform movements  Women were seen as more moral and virtuous, thus social reform were in their "sphere"

60. Factory System  With the introduction of the factory system...  Women moved into factories  Textiles were mass produced  Peoples workdays were defined by the clock

61. Dred Scott vs Sanford  1857 Supreme Court Case  Issue: A black slave had been taken by his master into the Minnesota region, which, according to the Missouri Compromise, was a free territory  Did residence in a free territory make him a free man? The Supreme Court said, "No. "  Black men were not citizens, they were property, and could not bring suit in Federal court  Therefore slavery could exist anywhere

62. Regional Economic Differences During the Mid-Nineteenth Century  Northern  Manufacturing, Shipping, Railroads  Southern  Agricultural, Slavery

63. Northerners Strongly Object to the 1846 War With Mexico  This war would open territory to expansion of slavery

64. Temperance  The drink is bad!  The mid-1800's movement led by women to restrict alcohol

65. Prohibition  The 18th Amendment to the US Constitution (1920)  It bans the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of alcoholic beverages  Enforced by the Volstead Act  Never completely ended alcohol use or abuse, but it did create new criminal activities such as bootlegging and speakeasies  Repealed by the 21st Amendment

66. Suffrage  Seneca Falls & the Declaration of Sentiments (borrowed language from the Declaration of Independence)  Goals: Right to Vote, Overcoming the "Cult of Domesticity"  Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott  National Women's Suffrage: 19th Amendment (1920)

67. Louisiana Purchase  Thomas Jefferson's expansion of American territory  Eliminates French influence in America

68. Manifest Destiny: Go West!  American Expansionist Mindset, destined by God  Brings about the Oregon Trail and exploration of the Northwest and West Coast  Promoted by  Land-hungry Americans  American fears of British desire for land  Merchants' desire of the Pacific Ocean for trade  Democratic-minded people seeking to spread freedom, individualism  Nationalists who sought America's greatness

69. War of 1812  War between the US and Great Britain  Causes:  Britain's seizure of American ships and impressing American sailors  American resentment of Britain  American belief that Britain and Canada were arming Native Americans  American ambitions to annex Canada and Florida

70. War of 1812  Effects of the war:  A tie that makes America feel good about itself!  Native Americans lose, on their own vs. Americans

71. Marbury vs Madison  This 1803 case established the fundamental government principle of Judicial Review—role of the Supreme Court to interpret the constitutionality of laws

72. First Continental Congress--1774  Addressed a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" to King George III and voted to boycott British goods  An attempt to reconcile with Britain and avoid war

73. Lexington and Concord  "The Shot heard Round the World" came from the Battles of Lexington and Concord  These conflicts began the fight that led to the creation of the United States and inspired Revolutions elsewhere

74. Shays' Rebellion  Massachusetts farmers protest the way the government is treating them (throwing them in debtor's prison)  Exposes the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a strong central gov't

75. Bacon's Rebellion  A poor backwoods population (many of them were former indentured servants) attack Jamestown, protesting that colonial gov't is not protecting them  1st colonial revolt

76. Join or Die: Ben Franklin's political cartoon  Used 1st in the French & Indian War to encourage colonial unity siding WITH the British against the French  Used a 2nd time in the Revolution to promote colonial unity against British tyranny

77. American Enlightenment  Important Ideas that came from the Enlightenment  Based on science and reason to explain the world  Right of Revolution  Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness (which was property)  Consent of the Governed

78. Genocidal  Policy of killing or extinguishing a group (based on religion, ethnicity, race, etc)

79. "City on a Hill"  John Winthrop (Puritan governor) described Massachusetts Bay Colony

80. Indentured Servants  Sign contract to work for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World  The number of Indentured Servants decreases after Bacon's Rebellion  Mostly in Southern colonies

81. Types of Colonies