1. INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT A. Saatci May 2007

2. Main Pollutants C, N, P Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous

3. Paşaköy AAT

4. WTP STP

5. COD Fractionation S R =Slowly Biod Soluble BOD 1 uBOD Whatman

6. Carbon Removal C sources are proteins, lipids etc. ☺ C + O 2 → CO 2 ↑ + ☺☺☺ ☺ : Heterotrophic Bacteria

7. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TKN Org-N (Amino Acids, Urea) NH 4 -N

8. N 2 : Nitrogen gas (79 % of air) NH 3 : ammonia NH 4 - : ammonium ion NO 2 - : nitrite ion NO 3 - : nitrate ion (NH 2 ) 2 CO: urea(in human urine) (2NH 3 + CO 2 ) Org N: organic nitrogen TKN: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(% 40 org N -- %60 NH 4 H ) Nitrogen Removal :

9. C Oxidation, Nitrification & Denitrification C O 2= $ Org_N NH4N NO3NO3 Autotrophs Heterotrophs CO 2, N 2 + +

10. Nitrogen removal : NITRIFICATION ☻ Org N → NH 3 + O 2 → NO 3 + ☻☻☻ ☻ : Autotrophic bacteria NH 3 + O 2 → NO 2 − + 3H + + 2e − (nitrosomonas ) NO 2 + H 2 O → NO 3 − + 2H + + 2e − (nitrobacter ) DENITRIFICATION ☺ (requires C for Denitrification) NO 3 − → N 2 ↑ + ☺☺☺

11. Nitrification & De-nitrification

12. P- Removal: ATP ↔ ADP+ Energy + P P is released in the anaerobic tank (bacteria under stress) but it accumulates more P in the aeration tanks

13. Conventional Wastewater Treatment Process Pretreatment involves: Screening Grit Removal Oil separation Flow equalization Disinfection can use: Chlorine compounds Bromine Chloride Ozone UV Radiation Chemical Treatment is used in conjunction with the physical and chemical processes: Chemical precipitation Adsorption Sludge Treatment and Disposal involves: grinding, degritting, blending, thickening, stabilization, conditioning, disinfection, dewatering, heat drying, thermal reduction, ultimate disposal

14. WWTP: ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑ ☺☺☺☺ CO2N2 Primary Sedimentation BiofosforAeration Final Clarifier Recirculation Effluent INPUT Qwaste

15. PRE-DN Paşaköy STP: A 2 O Process(3 stage Bardenpho) P C,NDN Dewatering C Oxic Anoxic Anaerobic NO 3

17. Digesters Primary Sedimentation 20.000 - 30.000 mg/l Co-Generation Anaerobic Di,gester (35-36 0 C) 15-20 d Thickening %4 KM sludge Biogazs collection Digester Reactions 1- Organics  Vinegar (acidic asit)i (formic asit) acid formers 2- Metane (CH 4 ), CO 2 metane formers

18. SLUDGE PRODUCTION

19. Sludge Age & Sludge Production Sludge Retention Time = SRT SRT =  T X T / P x (Sludge Production) P x = Q des Y obs (S 0 -S)

20. Stable Sludge Production (Extended Aeration) Stabil Çamur Üretim i (Uzun Havalandırma)  CT = (25) 1.072 12-T Eq’n 5-5 of ATV-131 ATV : Abwassertechnische Vereinigung )

21. SRT:Sludge Age Young BActeria: not stable Old Bacteria LOG no BacteriaI TIME

22. P X = Sludge Production Px = Y obs H (Q. S 0 ) Yobs H :Growth Yield Coefficient (Y obs H = 0.9) Q : 75.000 m3/day S 0 : 300 g/m 3 Q. S 0 = BOD Load : 75.000 * 300 = 22,5 ton /d Date Wasted Sludge,Px BOD 5 Load, (QSo) ……… ………………

23. Endogeneous Respiration ER= SRT *F T / (1+ 0.17 F T *SRT) ER : Endogeneous Respiration

24. WAS Calculations(Y obs H ) Metcalf-Eddy Y obs values Y obs H = 0.4 (much different in the field) A TV 131 (Abwassertechnische Vereinigung )– Y obs Calculation Y obs H = 0.75 + 0.60 SS 0 / BOD 5 – 0.102 (ER)

25. WAS Calculation Example Y obs H = 0.75 + 0.60 SS o / BOD o – 0.102 (ER) ER : endogeneous respiration= SRT *F T / (1+ 0.17 F T *SRT) SRT : Sludge Age F T : temperature correction factor= 1.072 T-15 T = 15 0 C  F T = 1, Take SRT = 25 days ER = 25 / (1+ 0.17*25) = 4.76 >>>> 4.76 x 0.102 = 0.48 YobsH = 0.75 + 0.60 (500 / 300 ) – 0. 48 = 1.27

26. P.Köy STP Measured Yobs Values vs Yobs from ATV