1. Jonathan Swift ( )

2. JONATHAN SWIFT
Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland, of an English family, which had important connections but little wealth.
Through the generosity of an uncle, he was educated at Kilkenny Grammar School and then Trinity College in Dublin.
Between 1689 and 1699 he worked as a private secretary to a distant kinship Sir William Temple, a retired diplomat.
And there he also received a first-rate education in politics through contact with Temple and many other well-known politicians, learning much about hypocrisy,deception and corruption in the political world.

3. Swift’s Literary Position and Works
Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose.
Swift is a master satirist. Even today, he is still regarded as a national hero in Ireland.
Gulliver’s Travels (1726), his greatest satiric work

4. Introduction to Gulliver’s Travels
Jonathan’s best fictional work
was published in 1726
Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Samuel Gulliver.
The book contains four parts, each dealing with one particular voyage during which Gulliver meets with extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck of piracy of some other misfortune.

5. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Part 1
Characteristics of the Neoclassical Age ( )
--also referred to as “The Age of Reason” and “The Enlightenment,” a reaction against the enthusiasm of the Renaissance.
Human beings as limited and imperfect
Reverence for reason and rules (“Age of Reason”)
Distrust of imagination and innovation
Emphasis on groups rather than the individual

6. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Part 1
Characteristics of the Neoclassical Age ( )
Belief in Deism (the “argument from design,” God as the Divine Clockmaker)
Emphasis on symmetry, unity, harmony
Emphasis on the didactic and the satiric (satire = “a critical attitude mixed with humor and wit, generally for the purpose of improving humanity”)
Emphasis on the polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual
“One truth is clear: Whatever IS, is RIGHT” (Pope’s An Essay on Man 292)

7. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Part 1
= civil war in England, conflict between Charles I and Parliament
1646 = Charles I was arrested, tried, and executed; Charles II goes into exile
The Puritan Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protectorate of England (England without a king)
1660 = Charles II is restored to the crown (the restoration)

8. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Part 1
1665 = The plague killed 75,000 people in London
1666 = The Great London Fire left 100,000 people homeless
1667 = Milton’s Paradise Lost published
1729 = Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels published

9. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Part 1
Government / 18th Century English politics
War
Human Nature
The original purpose to “satirize the foolishness of modern man”

10. Lemuel Gulliver Narrator of novel Middle-aged, middle class, British
Intelligent, well-educated
Naïve
Unaffectionate to wife
A doctor on a Royal Navy ship who washes up on the shores of several fictional countries.
Upon returning to England, he is painfully aware of his country’s flaws.

11. Mrs. Mary Burton: Mrs. Mary Burton is Gulliver's wife
Mrs. Mary Burton: Mrs. Mary Burton is Gulliver's wife. He only states her name at the beginning of the novel, and thereafter refers to her as his wife. She is mentioned only during his rare time in England.

12. Captain William Pritchard: Captain Pritchard is the head of the ship named Antelope. He controls Gulliver's first voyage in which a storm overtakes the ship, leaving Gulliver stranded on the strange land of Lilliput.

13. A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT
The first part tells about his experience in Lilliput
The emperor believed himself to be the delight and terror of the universe, but it appeared quite absurd to Gulliver who was twelve times as tall as he.
In his account of the two parties in the country, distinguished by the use of high and low heels.
Religious disputes were laughed at in an account of a problem which divided the Lilliputians: “ Should eggs be broken at the big end or the little end?”

14. Main Characters Lilliputians Emperor Inhabit Lilliput
Only 6 inches tall
Prone to conspiracies and jealousies
Emperor
Ruler of the Lilliputians
Despite small size, loves being in control, exercising his power, and his large palace

15. A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG
Second Journey to Brobdingnag
In the second part, Gulliver is left alone in Brobdingnag where people are not only ten times taller and larger than ordinary human beings, but also superior in wisdom. Gulliver now found himself a dwarf among men sixth feet in height. The king, who regarded Europe as if it were an anthill.
Gulliver sold and used as a slave, mostly used for entertainment purposes
Discusses history and policies of his native country with the King

16. Main Characters Brobdingnagians The Queen The King
Giants that inhabit Brobdingnag
Reasonable, gentle
The Queen
Sweet, kind
Humorous, witty
The King
Intellectual, rational
Does not know much about politics

17. A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIB, AND JAPAN
The third part deals with mainly with his accidental visit to the flying Island, where the philosophers and projectors devote all their time and energy to the study of some absurd problems. Their scientists are engaged in projects for exacting sunbeams out of cucumbers, turning ice into gunpowder and making cloth from cobweb.

18. Laputans Inhabitants of the flying island of Laputa which has diameter of 7837 yards.
Munodi A Lord who lives in Lagado the metropolis of Balnibari
Professors of various academies who take up Gulliver's suggestions
Governor of Glubbdubdrib
Struldbruggs who offer eternal life but become progressively senile in doing so.
Maldonada A port
Guldubdribb land of sorcerers
Glangluenstand port of embarkation from Luggnagg
Xamoschi landfall in Japan
Nangasac where he meets Captain Theodorus Vangrult with whom he sailed back to England.

19. A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE Houynhms
Final Journey to the Country of the Houyhnhnms
Horses rule the deformed Yahoos
Gulliver banished from their society
Feel he is a threat to their civilization
Aware he has a resemblance to a Yahoo

20. Summary of Last Book
The last part is a most interesting account of his discoveries in the Houyhnhnm land, where horses are endowed with reason and all good and admirable qualities, and are the governing class.
Contrary to the Houyhnhnms, the Yahoos possess every conceivable evil. They are malicious, spiteful, envious, unclean and greedy. Gulliver admires the life and ways of the horses, as much as he is disgusted with the Yahoos, whose relations remind him of those existing in English society to such a degree that he shudders at the prospect of returning to his native.

21. Main Characters Yahoos Yahoo’s an uncouth human like race Houyhnhnms
Dirty, hairy, primitive, but humanlike
Many different kinds
Blonde, redheaded, dark-haired
Servants of Houyhnhnms
Houyhnhnms
A horse-like race who rule over the unruly
Live in peaceful, simple society
Rule with reason and truthfulness
Do not even have the word “lie” in their vocabulary

22. The end of the novel The author takes his last leave of the reader;
proposes his manner of living for the future;
gives good advice, and concludes.