1. Units 2&3 Review

2. 1. Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
naturalistic observation. b.
illusory correlation. c.
overconfidence. d.
the standard deviation. e.
placebo.

3. 1. Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
overconfidence. d. e.

4. 2. What do scientists call an explanation that organizes observations and predicts future behaviors or events? a.
hypothesis b.
theory c.
critical thinking d.
operational definition e.
replication

5. 2. What do scientists call an explanation that organizes observations and predicts future behaviors or events? a. b.
theory c. d. e.

6. 3. Replication involves a. the selection of random samples. b.
perceiving order in random events. c.
repeating an earlier research study. d.
rejecting ideas that cannot be scientifically tested. e.
overestimating the extent to which others share our views.

7. 3. Replication involves a. b. c. repeating an earlier research study.

8. 4. Which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations?
the case study b.
naturalistic observation c.
random sampling d.
operational definitions e.
standard deviations.

9. 4. Which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations?b. c.
random sampling d. e.

10. 5. In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a(n)
random sample. b.
experimental treatment. c.
double-blind. d.
replication. e.
placebo.

11. 5. In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a(n)b. c. d. e.
placebo.

12. 6. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9
6. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is a. 3. b. 6. c. 7. d. 8. e. 9.

13. 6. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9
6. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is a. b. c. 7. d. e.

14. 7. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate in determining housing values in a particular community? a.
range b.
mode c.
median d.
mean e.
standard deviation

15. 7. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate in determining housing values in a particular community? a. b. c.
median d. e.

16. 8. Which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation?
control group, random sampling, random assignment b.
case study, naturalistic observation, survey c.
informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing d.
volunteer participants only, no deception, incentives for participation e.
effect size, statistical significance, measures of central tendency, variation

17. 8. Which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation?b. c.
informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing d. e.

18. 9. A researcher who gathers and analyzes data from student essay test responses without talking with the students about the study violates which ethical principle of human experimentation? a.
informed consent b.
protection from harm c.
confidentiality d.
debriefing e.
coercion

19. 9. A researcher who gathers and analyzes data from student essay test responses without talking with the students about the study violates which ethical principle of human experimentation? a.
informed consent b. c. d. e.

20. 10. Psychologists' personal values and goals
are carefully tested by means of observation and experimentation. b.
lead them to avoid experiments involving human participants. c.
can bias their observations and interpretations. d.
have very little influence on the process of scientific observation. e.
affect their work only if they are different from the norm.

21. 10. Psychologists' personal values and goalsb. c.
can bias their observations and interpretations. d. e.

22. 11. The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called a.
evolutionary psychology. b.
behavior genetics. c.
molecular biology. d.
biological psychology. e.
phrenology.

23. 11. The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called a. b. c. d. e.
phrenology.

24. 12. Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological speciality known as a.
behaviorism. b.
biological psychology. c.
psychoanalysis. d.
myelin. e.
behavior genetics.

25. 12. Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological speciality known as a. b.
biological psychology. c. d. e.

26. 13. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the
reflex. b.
threshold. c.
synapse. d.
action potential. e.
refractory period.

27. 13. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called theb.
threshold. c. d. e.

28. 14. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the
dendrites. b.
cell body. c.
axon. d.
myelin sheath. e.
synapse.

29. 14. Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the
axon. d. e.

30. 15. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is
depression. b.
muscular paralysis. c.
aggression. d.
schizophrenia. e.
euphoria.

31. 15. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is
muscular paralysis. c. d. e.

32. 16. When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system. a.
parasympathetic b.
sympathetic c.
somatic d.
sensorimotor e.
central

33. 16. When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system. a. b.
sympathetic c. d. e.

34. 17. Stimulated digestion is to inhibited digestion as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system. a.
somatic; autonomic b.
autonomic; somatic c.
central; peripheral d.
sympathetic; parasympathetic e.
parasympathetic; sympathetic

35. 17. Stimulated digestion is to inhibited digestion as the ________ nervous system is to the ________ nervous system. a. b. c. d. e.
parasympathetic; sympathetic

36. 18. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of a.
muscular coordination. b.
language comprehension. c.
visual perception. d.
speaking ability. e.
pain sensations.

37. 18. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of a. b. c.
visual perception. d. e.

38. 19. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the
angular gyrus. b.
hypothalamus. c.
motor cortex. d.
reticular formation. e.
frontal association area.

39. 19. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the
motor cortex. d. e.

40. 20. The most extensive regions of the cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory, are called the a.
reticular formation. b.
medulla. c.
sensory areas. d.
cerebellum. e.
association areas.

41. 20. The most extensive regions of the cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory, are called the a. b. c. d. e.
association areas.

42. 21. A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of a.
tomography. b.
brain plasticity. c.
lateralization. d.
hemispherectomy. e.
aphasia.

43. 21. A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of a. b.
brain plasticity. c. d. e.

44. right hand to indicate she saw a cat. b.
22. A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her a.
right hand to indicate she saw a cat. b.
left hand to indicate she saw a mouse. c.
right hand to indicate she saw a mouse. d.
left or right hand to indicate she saw a cat. e.
left or right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.

45. right hand to indicate she saw a mouse. d. e.
22. A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her a. b. c.
right hand to indicate she saw a mouse. d. e.

46. 23. Deaf people who use sign language typically
demonstrate greater mathematical competence than hearing persons. b.
process language in their left cerebral hemisphere. c.
recognize facial expressions of emotion with their left rather than their right cerebral hemisphere. d.
have a smaller corpus callosum than hearing persons. e.
process language in the right hemisphere rather than the left.

47. 23. Deaf people who use sign language typicallyb.
process language in their left cerebral hemisphere. c. d. e.

48. 24. Research on left-handedness suggests that
genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. b.
a greater proportion of women than men are left-handed. c.
left-handers generally demonstrate less artistic competence than right-handers. d.
most left-handers process language primarily in their right hemisphere. e.
left-handers live longer than right-handers.

49. 24. Research on left-handedness suggests that
genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. b. c. d. e.

50. 25. Assessing the relative effects of nature and nurture on individual differences in personality would be of most direct interest to a.
evolutionary psychologists. b.
humanistic psychologists. c.
behavior geneticists. d.
Freudian psychologists. e.
psychometricians.

51. 25. Assessing the relative effects of nature and nurture on individual differences in personality would be of most direct interest to a. b. c.
behavior geneticists. d. e.

52. 26. The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
genes. b.
genomes. c.
molecular genetics. d.
neurotransmitters. e.
heredity.

53. 26. The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
genes. b. c. d. e.

54. 27. Heritability refers to the extent to which
unrelated individuals share common genes. b.
genetic mutations can be transmitted to one's offspring. c.
trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations. d.
adult personality is determined by infant personality. e.
nurture controls a trait rather than nature.

55. 27. Heritability refers to the extent to which
trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations. d. e.

56. 28. Many genes respond to environmental conditions, reacting to different environmental contexts in different ways. This characteristic of genes is called what? a.
chromosomes b.
genotype c.
heritability d.
self-regulation e.
evolution

57. 28. Many genes respond to environmental conditions, reacting to different environmental contexts in different ways. This characteristic of genes is called what? a. b. c. d.
self-regulation e.

58. 29. According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be a.
socially prohibited. b.
genetically predisposed. c.
ecologically disruptive. d.
disease-producing. e.
learned by association.

59. 29. According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be a. b.
genetically predisposed. c. d. e.

60. 30. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that men will marry women who are ________ than they are. a.
less wealthy b.
less physically attractive c.
more sexually experienced d.
younger e.
more aggressive toward sexual rivals

61. 30. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that men will marry women who are ________ than they are. a. b. c. d.
younger e.