1. Planning 1 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Chartwork and Position Fixing Voyage Planning

2. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 2 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Outline Waypoint navigation Choosing waypoints Voyage planning Allowing for tide Practical navigation Charter boats Navigation Zen Example

3. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 3 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Waypoints Waypoint ●a navigationally significant point along a boat’s route Examples ●destination/dive site ●home port ●intermediate points Established by ●simple fix ●compass bearing and/or transits ●position from GPS Dive site Waypoints Launch

4. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 4 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Choosing waypoints Look for visual fixes ●transits – opening, closing ●bearings of nearby objects ●depth changes Courses with visual aim point ●leading lines ●clearing lines ●bearing on objects/features Techniques ●aiming off ●attack points ●buoy hopping ●straight to GPS position

5. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 5 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Waypoint navigation 32.16.010.72.020120300Dive site........DIVE 26.16.68.72.220180000Waypoint 2......WPT2 19.5 6.5 20 240 060Waypoint 1......WPT1 Launch 53°10.990´N 4°12.725´W DWIC Notes Total time Time min Total nm Le g nm Speed kn Recip °T Hdg °TWaypoint detailsWPT Dive site Waypoints Launch 1 2 ●Plot course on chart ●Define and list waypoints ●Measure bearings ●Measure distances ●Estimate speed ●Estimate time Result ●Overall distance & time ●Step-by-step passage plan Notes as required

6. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 6 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Waypoint navigation with GPS Series of waypoints = route ●bearing & distance to next waypoint ●averaged speed, course, eta ●continuously updated ●waypoint alarm ●straight lines only! Garbage in garbage out ●GPS and entered lat/long must be same datum – normally WGS84 ●apply correction where different ●check for input errors Always plot your route on a chart first ●paper ●electronic may simplify or eliminate measurements and data entry ●take waterproof copy with you Read the manual

7. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 7 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Preparing the voyage plan Route alone is not enough SOLAS V regulations ●weather ○exposure of site/route ○shelter from wind/waves ●tides ●limitations of the vessel ●crew ●navigational dangers ●contingency plan ●leave information ashore If using RIBs ●1 sheet, waterproof, legible Unnecessary paperwork?

8. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 8 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Planning process Go diving Waterproof backup Set up GPS Check weather Get local info Determine slack Determine tides Check launch Contingency Set timings Check fuel Plan route Pick sites Pre-plan

9. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 9 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Voyage plan Dive site Tides ●port, HW/LW, heights, slack, streams, direction Local information ●launching/recovery ●VHF channels, Coastguard ●hazards, rules Navigation ●waypoints/passage plan ●timings ●boat range ●contingency Weather

10. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 10 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Allowing for tide Tide will push boat off course ●biggest effect ○tide at 90° ○fast tide ○slow boat ●<5° if planing across1-2kn tide ●4kn+ tides are significant ●>45° possible when manoeuvring Correct by ●with GPS use XTE or course line ●manually adjust course ●adjustment chart in notes Tide follow GPS Manual

11. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 11 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Practical navigation Don’t get set on to dangers Get positive ID on marks Use back bearings Look behind as you leave a waypoint to identify the view for the way back Keep track of time Tide

12. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 12 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Charter boats Voyage planning applies to all ●charter boat = skipper ●distance and time = cost ●large boats more affected by tide ●overall plan for multi-day trips Do rough voyage plans ●understand what’s possible ●shape expectations ●improve negotiations ●mutual respect? Dive site research if exploratory diving

13. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 13 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Navigation Zen Navigation is not just a set of procedures ●stay alert ●use a wide variety of techniques ●develop a mental picture of your route ●compare what you can see with your mental picture ●keep track of where you are ●look where you are going ●look around you ●KISS

14. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 14 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Example RIB dive in Loch Nevis on W coast of Scotland ●launch/recovery at Mallaig ●dive Smyth Rock Handout contains ●passage plan ●voyage plan ●marked up chart

15. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 15 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Example Reverse outward routeReturn journey W edge of headland 307M 0.43nm Monument 14M 0.23nm nearest Bn 500m CD 8.5m 183.63.50.3524161Smyth Rock 57 01.525 N 5 44.260 W SMYTH aim for middle of L Nevis entrance, deep valley at Inverie with high hills each side turn when beacons in line to NE 1510.43.22.61523353Turn 2 57 01.4N 5 44.6W SMLEAD pass E of Sgeir Dhearg Fl(2)WG use green turn when L Nevis entrance opens 41.60.60.41520020Turn 1 57 00.8N 5 49.2W MGLNEV Iso WRG 4s use white sector also Fl G 3s Beware ferry & MFV traffic 32.40.2 5pilotMallaig N Pier 57 00.470 5 49.495 MGPIER available half-tideMallaig slipMGSLIP Notes Total time Time min Total nm Le g nm Speed kn Recip °T Hdg °TWaypoint detailsWPT

16. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 16 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Exercise Work in groups with an instructor Voyage planning only, not dive planning ●charts of the area ●dive guides, almanac ●local information ●chart 5011 ●local tidal information ●current weather forecast ●waterproof ‘slate’ for recording voyage plan Day 2 ●carry out your plan

17. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 17 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Summary Considered all aspects of voyage planning relevant to operating area for practical navigation exercises ●identified relevant information from a chart ●obtained tidal information & understood its impact on the practical navigation exercises ●defined a route ●documented the information needed to navigate the route ●considered contingency plans

19. Chartwork and Position Fixing Planning 19 CPF09 v1.4 Copyright © BSAC 2010 Planning exercise Produce a complete voyage plan visiting the following positions. Add intermediate waypoints as necessary. WaypointPosition/descriptionNotes Launchdescriptionfrom Chart basics Waypoint 1lat/long or simple fixfrom Measurement basics Exercise area 1lat/long or simple fix ‘Mystery Point’lat/longfrom Position fixing methods take transits/bearings from chart Lunch spotdescriptionidentify on chart Dive site 1descriptionget location by research Dive site 2descriptionget location by research Recoverydescriptionidentify on chart