1. A PRESENTATION ON SUMMER TRAINING AT
DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BIKANER
PRESENTED BY:-
SAURABH KUAMR
ECE FINAL YEAR

2. DOORDARSHAN ,AN INTRODUCTION
A leading TV Broadcast Service Provider for Common man in INDIA.
Launched in 1959 ,owned by PRASAR BHARTI.
First Indian Satellite INSAT launched in 1982.
DDK Bikaner
LPT W DD News
Est
HPT 10kW DD National
Est

3. BASICS OF TV BROADCASTING USING SATELLITE
A TV broadcasting system includes following:
STUDIO
EARTH STATION
TRANSMITTER
O.B VAN/DSNG
DDK Bikaner have 10kW HPT,& 500W LPT So we will focus on transmitter.

4. TRANSMITTER SECTION Geostationary Satellite uplink Transmission Studio
Processing

5. RECEIVING SECTION DOWNLINK
SIGNALS FROM SATELLITE RECEIVED AT OTHER EARTH STATION
DOWNLINK
SIGNAL RETRANSMITTED TO OUR HOME TV RECEIVERS
THIS SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED &PROCESSED AT RECEIVER BASE STATION &SEND FOR RETRANSMISSION

6. PARABOLIC DISH ANTENNA:-
PDA is a high gain reflector antenna used for Radio, TV & Data communication and also for Radar on the UHF & SHF part of electromagnetic spectrum.
PDA is set on the Azimuth angle and it is inclined by elevation angle. The focal length of a PDA is given by
f = D2/16c
ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND AZIMUTH

7. Block Diagram:

8. LOW NOISE BLOCK CONVERTER(LNBC)

9. LNBC Working
When receiving a broadcast at 4,200 MHz, the output frequency of interest is = 950 MHz

10. INPUT RACK 14’’ COLOUR TV WAVEFORM MONITOR
IRD (INTEGRATED RECEIVER DECODER)
JACK PANEL
PATCH CORDS
VIDEO DISTRIBUTER AMPLIFIER
AUDIO DISTIBUTER AMPLIFIER
ACB PANEL

11. WAVEFORM MONITOR
A waveform monitor is a special type of oscilloscope used in television applications.
It is typically used to measure and display the level, or voltage, of a video signal with respect to time.

12. IRD(INTEGRATED RECEIVER DECODER)
An integrated receiver/decoder (IRD)
is an electronic device used to pick-up a radio-frequency signal and convert digital information transmitted in it.

13. USES OF IRD :
Generally IRD 2900 series is used. The uses of IRD 2900 are:-
Digital turnaround
Satellite distribution
DSNG(digital satellite news gathering)
Distance learning
Radio reception

14. Monitoring Rack:- VU Meter Broadcast Power Meter TV Demodulator
Audio Monitoring Amplifier
Program Amplifier

15. TV Transmitter For DD National
The transmitter is a wideband transmitter operating in the VHF range ( MHz).
Main transmitter components are transmitter rack with power distribution, exciter, and power splitter, AF amplifier with power supply, power coupler, audio combiner & cooling system.

18. Transmitter Family NM 7000:
Frequency range MHz
Sound transmission Dual-sound cooling
to Integrated Receiver Transmitter
Output stage MOSFET transistor
Coolant Demineralized
water / Antifrozen N

19. EXCITER
Exciter unit SH 700 in the transmitter conditions the applied video & analog audio signals & modulates them before conversion to RF .It comprises following modules-
Encoder(receives analog signal & digitizes it.)
Equalizer (Correction is performed )
Modulator (generates the RF vision & sound carriers by direct quadrature modulation)
Synthesizer(generates the vision carrier frequency required for modulation)
AC power supply
Motherboard
Control panel with CCU.

20. PUMP UNIT
The pump unit serves to circulate the coolant in the closed cooling circuit of transmitters .

22. POWER SUPPLY:
11 KV line is provided by RSEB for the power supply of Doordarshan high power transmitter station. Then, 2 step-down transformers are used; one of them is stand-by.Output voltage of transformer is 440V.
The whole system is divided into 2 parts:-
Essential system
Non-essential system
 Essential system comprises of those equipments which are required for uninterruptible transmission of channels.
Non-essential system comprises of the equipments which can be turned off when supply is ‘OFF’.

23. SOME ADVANCEMENTS IN TV BROADCASTING TECHNOLOGY

24. DIRECT TO HOME SERVICE
DTH is the digitalized service which provides multiple channel direct to the subscriber without inter mediator.
DTH uses satellite and all the reception system at subscriber home, which include Off-set type Parabolic dish antenna (60cm), LNBF, IRD.
DD has obtained four high power transponders on NSS-6 Satellite.
DD has taken up to a pilot project “Ku Band” transmission satellite earth station for up linking 35 channels TV bouquets along with 15 channels radio bouquets.

25. HD BROADCAST
High-definition television (or HDTV, or HD) refers to video having resolution substantially higher than traditional television systems (standard-definition TV, or SDTV, or SD). HD has one or two million pixels per frame, roughly five times that of SD.
Early HDTV broadcasting used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcasting video compression.

26. Doordarshan HD DD HD (MPEG-4/FTA) has Started on
DOORDARSHAN IN HD
Doordarshan HD Details:-
Doordarshan HD DD HD (MPEG-4/FTA) has Started on
INSAT 4B(C Band) at 93.5 East
Frequency : 3725 ,
Polarization : Horizontal ,
Symbol Rate : 27500,
Type : free to air
Common Wealth Games Delhi2010 was shown totally in HD free of cost.

27. ELECTRONIC NEWS GATHERING (ENG) and DSNG
Live coverage can be given with the help of a satellite uplink truck.
A Satellite uplink truck /Outdoor Broadcasting Van use a dish pointed to geostationary satellite.

28. SNG VEHICLE:- It consists of 5 parts: Production area(directors)
Audio Engineer(A/V Synchronization)
Video tape machines (VTRs) &/power supply/computer
Video control(camera)
Transmission

29. INTERACTIVE TV (iTV)
Allow viewers to interact with television content as they view it
Interactive television represents a continuum from low interactivity(TV on/off, volume, changing channels) to moderate interactivity (simple movies on demand without player controls) and high interactivity in which, for example, an audience member affects the program being watched.
The most obvious example of this would be any kind of real-time voting on the screen, in which audience votes create decisions that are reflected in how the show continues.

30. iTV continued..
The simplest, Interactivity with a TV set is already very common, starting with the use of the remote control to enable channel surfing behaviours, and evolving to include video-on-demand, VCR-like pause, rewind, and fast forward, and commercial skipping .
Global Television Network offers a Two-Screen Solutions interactive game for Big Brother 8 (US) "