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Nitrogen deposition impacts soil, nutrition, productivity and C sequestration at the CONECOFOR sites M Ferretti TerraData environmetrics

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Presentation on theme: "Nitrogen deposition impacts soil, nutrition, productivity and C sequestration at the CONECOFOR sites M Ferretti TerraData environmetrics"— Presentation transcript:

1 Nitrogen deposition impacts soil, nutrition, productivity and C sequestration at the CONECOFOR sites M Ferretti TerraData environmetrics ferretti@terradata.it Based on a study conducted by M Ferretti, A Marchetto, F Bussotti, M Calderisi, S Carnicelli, G Cecchini, G Fabbio, G Bertini, G Matteucci, B De Cinti, E Pompei, L Salvati www.terradata.it Università di Siena

2 N cycle, N-deposition and forests N-cycle disrupted by human activity (Canfield et al., 2010, Science 330, 192-196). Anthropogenic N input to forests via wet and dry deposition   N outputs (Dise and Wright, 1995, Forest Ecol. and Manag., 71, 153-161)  Soil and foliar chemistry (e.g., Lu et al., 2009, Pedosphere, 19, 189-198; Adriaenssens et al., 2011, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 219)  Species richness and cover (e.g. Stevens et al., 2004, Science 303, 1876-1879; Dirnboeck et al., 2013, GCB)  Loss of live basal area (e.g., Mc Nulty et al., 2005 Forest Ecol. and Manag., 219, 279-291  Growth and tree C sequestration (e.g. Magnani et al., 2007, Nature, 447, 848-850) Canfield et al., 2010, Science, 330, 192-196 www.terradata.it Università di Siena

3 N-deposition, forests and C sequestration Three main mechanisms for N effects on C sequestration:  accelerated photosynthesis (e.g. Fleischer et al., 2013)  allocation shift (decreased C allocation to roots and increased wood formation)  decreased decomposition, which leads to accumulation of surface litter and soil organic matter (Janssens et al., 2010; Janssens & Luyssaert, 2009) Janssens & Luyssaert, Nature Geosciences, 2009 www.terradata.it Università di Siena

4 Italy: open field N-deposition, ICP Forests Level II sites, 1998-2010 www.terradata.it Università di Siena

5 Are present N deposition loads still within protective limits for Italian forests? Is there evidence for effects of N deposition on soil and foliar nutrients? Once stand, management, and atmosphere-related factors (meteorology, tropospheric O 3 ) are taken into account, is there evidence for N deposition-related effects on tree growth and C sequestration? Questions www.terradata.it Università di Siena

6 Talk outline Concept Data and methods Results Conclusions and perspectives (Photo: Lavazè, TRE1. Courtesy: G. Tartari) www.terradata.it Università di Siena

7 Talk outline Concept Data and methods Results Conclusions and perspectives (Photo: Lavazè, TRE1. Courtesy: G. Tartari) www.terradata.it Università di Siena

8 i.Consider the main possible pathways for N deposition effects on soil and trees ii.Verify whether effects can be actually expected iii.Given the potential relationships existing among N deposition, soil and foliar chemistry, isolate their relevant contribution with respect to other factors Step-wise approach www.terradata.it Università di Siena

9 Impact on soil and soil solution N deposition 2 1 Impact on foliar nutrition 3

10 Impact on soil and soil solution N deposition 2 1 Health Impact on foliar nutrition 3 Meteo Ozone Species composition Age, density

11 Impact on soil and soil solution N deposition 2 1 Impact on growth Health Impact on foliar nutrition 3 b a c d

12 Talk outline Concept Data and methods Results Conclusions and perspectives (Photo: Lavazè, TRE1. Courtesy: G. Tartari) www.terradata.it Università di Siena

13 Data source: the CONECOFOR programme Origin –Established by CFS in 1994-95 (EU Regulations and UN/ECE CLRTAP) Plots –1994-1995 20 plots –2005>31 plots Forest species –Conifers: P. abies; L. decidua –Deciduous Broadl.: F. sylvatica; Quercus sp. –Evergreen Broadl.: Quercus ilex Investigations –Biological: tree condition, growth –Chemical: soil, foliage, atmosphere, deposition –Physical: meteorology www.terradata.it Università di Siena

14 Monitoring data, 11-25 plots, 2000-2009 time windows, average data. Simple Mass Balance to calculate N Critical Load (Sverdrup & De Vries, 1994, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 72, 1-4, 143-162) Relationship among deposition-soil-foliage Response study: –Relative Basal Area Increment (BAI_rel) 2000-2009, in % of BA in year 2000 –PLS regression (Martens H., Næs T., 1989 Multivariate calibration. Chichester: Wiley) –Different models for the same response; different sets of plots compared –Results reported in terms of model performance, Variable Importance in Projection, VIP, scores and regression coefficients. Data and methods www.terradata.it Università di Siena

15 Talk outline Concept Data and methods Results Conclusions and perspectives (Photo: Lavazè, TRE1. Courtesy: G. Tartari) www.terradata.it Università di Siena

16 Q.1: Are present N deposition loads still within protective limits? Mean annual N throughfall: 4.5 - 28.8 kg ha -1 per year Critical Loads (CL) exceeded at 11 sites CL exceedance up to 8 kg ha -1 per year 1:1 No exceedance Exceedance www.terradata.it Università di Siena

17 Q.1: Are present N deposition loads still within protective limits? Mean annual N throughfall: 4.5 - 28.8 kg ha -1 per year Critical Loads (CL) exceeded at 11 sites CL exceedance up to 8 kg ha -1 per year 1:1 No exceedance Exceedance www.terradata.it Università di Siena

18 Q. 2: Is there evidence for effects of N deposition on nutrients? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

19 Q. 2: Is there evidence for effects of N deposition on nutrients? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

20 Q. 2: Is there evidence for effects of N deposition on nutrients? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

21 Q.2: Is there evidence for effects of N deposition on nutrients? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

22 Q.2: Is there evidence for effects of N deposition on nutrients? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

23 Q.3: is there evidence for N deposition- effects on tree growth and C sequestration? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

24 Q.3: is there evidence for N deposition- effects on tree growth and C sequestration? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

25 BAI_rel models: VIP>1 variables Regression coefficient All plots with available data, n=18-20 Only common plots, n=11 www.terradata.it Università di Siena

26 N deposition and growth ( BAI_rel) Estimated maximal role in annual growth rate:  0.07- 0.08% of standing BAI per kgN www.terradata.it Università di Siena

27 N deposition and C sequestration in above ground biomass www.terradata.it Università di Siena Estimated maximal C sequestration rate: 0.13% of C in standing biomass per 1 kgN  159 kgC per kgN ha -1 yr -1 (range: 51-504)

28 Comparison with other studies www.terradata.it Università di Siena Erisman et al, COSUST, 2011

29 Comparison with other studies  159 kgC, our median estimate  220 kgC, Etzold et al., For. Ecol. Manage., 2014 www.terradata.it Università di Siena Erisman et al, COSUST, 2011

30 Talk outline Concept Data and methods Results Conclusions and perspectives www.terradata.it Università di Siena (Photo: Lavazè, TRE1. Courtesy: G. Tartari)

31 Conclusions Question 1: depositon levels –N deposition in Italy varies from from 4.5 to 28.8 kg ha -1 yr, and Critical Loads are exceeded at several sites. Question 2: effects on forest nutrition –Distinct effect on soil and foliar chemistry, leading to nutritional imbalances Question 3: effect on growth –Distinct, positive and significant effect on BAI_rel, and C sequestration. www.terradata.it Università di Siena

32 Implication: drivers of forest growth and C sequestration at the CONECOFOR plots N deposition is a predictor as strong as traditional factors, such as species composition and meteorology  Risk for N saturation, at least at certain sites Nitrogen’s Carbon bonus: N deposition is significant for the climate change mitigation potential of the Italian forests  Ca. 50-500 kgC per kgN ha -1 yr -1 ( ≅ 64 kgC per kgN ha -1 yr -1 with NFI data  0.5 million MgC per year) Tropospheric ozone was a quite ambiguous predictor, not always significant, different direction of estimated effect  Effects of troposheric ozone on current growth overestimated (even with the flux approach)? www.terradata.it Università di Siena

33 Perspectives Two studies are being finalized: N deposition and defoliation (see Marchetto et al.) N deposition and growth deviations (see Bertini et al.). Another study is under preparation: –Integration of Level I and Level II (and possibly NFI) networks to repeat the investigation, update and upscale the results (see Farina et al.). www.terradata.it Università di Siena Level I, N deposition 2001-2005

34 www.terradata.it Università di Siena Join! http://icp-forests.net/events/

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