1. Chapter 20: Politics of the Roaring Twenties Final Terms

2. Americans Struggle with Post war Issues 20.1 Postwar Trends – Nativism – prejudice against foreign-born people. – Isolationism – a policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs Fear of Communism – Communism – political/economic system based on a single-party ruled by dictator. – Red Scare – Began in 1919 when the Bolsheviks lead by Vladimir I. Lenin over threw czarist regim in Russia. – Palmer Raids – trampled people’s civil rights, invaded private homes/offices, jailed suspects w/o legal counsel & deported foreign born radicals w/o trials. – Sacco and Vanzetti – 2 most famous victims of Nativism attitudes, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, shoe maker and fish peddler, were arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced to death for the murder of a factory paymaster and his guard in South Braintree Mass.

3. Americans Struggle with Post war Issues 20.1 Limiting Immigration – The Klan Rises Again – Ku Klux Klan (KKK)by 1925 had 4.5 million members. Targeted Blacks, Jews, Roman Catholics, Foreign born people. – Quota System – Act of 1921 – established the maximum number of people who could enter U.S. from each foreign country. Time of Labor Unrest – Boston Police Strike – Police denied ability to unionize and ask for raises. They striked but effort fell flat. New officers hired in their place by Calvin Coolidge Mass. Gov. – Steel Mill Strike – Steel Mill workers strike for shorter working hours, a living wage, right to unionize. Mill advertises strikers as communists. Woodrow Wilson helps negotiate. Mill agrees to 8 hr day but not to Unionization. – The Coal Miners Strike – for 8 hr workday, higher pay, unionization. Woodrow Wilson steps in to negotiate. Miners get pay increase but not shorter day or 5 day work week. – Labor Movement Loses Appeal – memberships drop in unions Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions Multiple languages make it hard to unionize immigrants Farmers now in factories use to relying on self Exclusion of African Americans

4. The Harding Presidency 20.2 Harding Struggles for Peace – High Tariffs and Reparations – U.S. uses tax on imports and tries to collect $ from debt incurred by Britain and France. Germany owes them money (reparations) but falls short on paying them back. Scandal Hits Haring’s Administration – Cabinet – Charles Evan Hughs, Herbert Hoover, and Ohio gang – president’s poker playing buddies. – Scandal – corrupt friends use their offices to become wealthy through graft. – Teapot Dome Scandal – Teapot Dome Wyoming & Elk Hills CA oil rich land set aside for Navy use, transferred back to Department of Interior Albert B. Fallwho received $400,000 in loans, bonds, and cash

5. The Business of America 20.3 American Industries Flourish – Calvin Coolidge “The man who builds a buisness builds a temple...” – The Impact of the Automobile People can work far from home, drive into the city for culture, entertainment, shopping, etc. – Young Airplane Industry Began as a postal carrier, soon lead to transportation. Charles Lindberg and Amelia Earhart start transatlantic flights.

6. The Business of America 20.3 America’s standard of Living Soars – Electrical Conveniences Power to the burbs more homes getting electricity products grew for convenience ie: refridgerator – Dawn of modern Advertising Psychologists hired to help study how to appeal to peoples desires for youthfulness, beauty, health, and wealth. Superficial Prosperity – Producing great Quantities of goods Chain stores and 5-dime stores emerge – Buying goods on credit Installment plan – enabled people to buy products over an extended period w/o putting down much money to start. Focus on present gratification with little concern for the future.