1. 1 TEN-434/ETE-437 Cellular Radio and Mobile Telecommunication Ref. books: 1.Wireless communications principles and practices---- Theodore S. Rappaport 2.Principles of wireless networks - A unified approach---- Kavah Pahlavan & Prashant Krishnamurthy 3. The technology of modern mobile communications - A complete review ---- Hans Lobensommer 4.Wireless digital communications modulation & spread spectrum applications– Kamilo Feher 5.W.C.Y. Lee, "Mobile Cellular Telecommunications: Analog and Digital Systems", McGraw-Hill, 1995. 6.V.J. Garg, "Wireless and Personal Communications Systems", Prentice Hall.

2. 2 Course content History and Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication: Principle of Conventional Mobile Radio Systems, Limitations of Conventional Mobile Radio System. Radio Paging: Introduction, Paging Receiver Types, On Site Paging, Transmitter Specifications, Wide Area Paging, Transmission Specifications, Paging Receivers Architecture. Cellular Radio Systems: Basic Elements of a Cellular Radio System/Network, Principles of Operations, Frequency Spectrum and its Management, Radio Planning, Overview of Cellular Standard Systems, Digital Cellular Systems, Details of TACS and GDSM Architecture. 1G, 2G, 3G and the Forthcoming 4G Cellular Mobile Systems. Cordless Telecommunication Systems: Cordless Telephones, Digital Cordless Standards, DECT Specifications and Protocol Architecture, Radio Spectrum and Parameters. Mobile Communications by Satellite Service Systems in Operation, INMARSAT, MSAT, LEO and MEO satellite, GMPCS Mobile Telephone and Data Sensing System using LEO and MEO Satellites (Iridium, Teledesic). Network Issues For Cellular Mobile Communication: Cellular network architectures; Frequency management; Channel types and assignment; types of hand-offs and hand-off management; Switching and transport; Wireline and microwave facilities and link design considerations.

3. 3 GSM standards and Systems: GSM architecture, elements, and standard interfaces; FDMA/TDMA structure; Speech and channel coding in GSM; Time slots and bursts; Signaling; Hand-offs; DCS 1800; GPRS; data services over GSM. TDMA, CDMA, and Other Systems and Standards: Digital AMPS (IS-136); CDMA (IS-95); CT2; PCN; CDPD; Network architectures for IS-136 and IS-95; Data services over TDMA and CDMA systems. Third Generation Wireless Standards: Convergence; UMTS; IMT-2000; CDMA2000; W-CDMA; UWC-136; Network layer standards. Evolution Of Transport Technologies: TDM; Frame Relay; ATM; IP. Call Processing and Intelligent Services Over Wireless Networks: Signaling; Roaming and mobility management; Route optimization; Wireless Intelligent Networking (WIN); Databases; Protocols; Security and billing issues. Performance, Traffic Engineering, and Network Design: Traffic engineering for air interface and transport networks; performance issues and analysis for voice quality, call set up and hand-offs; Capacity planning; Factors affecting economical network designs.

4. 4 Introduction.. Technological innovations of engineers during the 20 th & 21 st century have brought a deep change in our lifestyle. -The glowing lights reminds us the impact made by electrical engineers, -The plane and moving cars below reminds us of the contributions of mechanical engineers, --High-rise buildings and complex roads remind us of what civil engineers have accomplished.

5. 5 Introduction.. From the eye of an engineer, the glow of light, the movement of cars and the complexity of civil infrastructures relates to the challenges in implementation, the size of the market and the impact of technology in human life. One industry whose infrastructure is not seen so much around because it is mostly buried under the ground, but it is most complex, it owns the largest market size and it enables us to change our lifestyle by entering the IT age.

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8 Information network infrastructure An information network infrastructure interconnects telecommunication devices to provide them with means for exchanging information. To support transmission of voice, data and video, several wired information network infrastructure have evolved throughout the past century. Wireless networks allow a mobile communications terminal to access those wired network information infrastructures.

9. 9

10. 10 Existing network infrastructure The following networks are originally designed for: PSTN (Voice): Symmetric, real time conversation. Internet (data): for bursty application that supports web access, e-mail, file transfer etc. Hybrid (TV/video): This network broadcasts wideband video signals to residential buildings. Voice and video are analog in nature and data is digital.

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. 14 Four market sector for wireless applications Voice-oriented market ( based around PSTN) (i) Local area ( short range wireless application): Cordless PCS Wireless PBX (ii) Wide area ( evolved around cellular mobile): Data-oriented market ( based around Internet & computer communication network infrastructure) (i)Broadband local & adhoc network: WLAN, PLANs (ii)Wide area mobile data network: WiMAX

15. 15 Wired vs wireless

16. 16 Evolution of voice-oriented wireless networks –1982: Nordic mobile telephony system(NMTS/NMT) –1983: Advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) & Global system for mobile (GSM) communications –-1985: Digital European digital telephone (DECT) –1988: Code division multiple access (CDMA) –1993: Digital Communication System (DCS) -1800, Personal handy system (PHS)/personal handy phone (PHP) –1995:Personal communication system (PCS) –1995: Personal access communication system (PACS) –1998: Wide CDMA ( 3 G standardization started)

17. 17 Evolution of data-oriented wireless networks 1979: Diffused infrared 1980: spread spectrum using SAW devices Early 1980: wireless modem 1986: Mobitex 1990: IEEE 802.11 for wireless LAN standard 1992: ESTI and HIPERLAN in Europe 1994: PCS licensed and unlicensed bands 1998: IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth announcement 1999: IEEE 802.11 a/HIPERLAN-2 started

18. 18 Generations of wireless networks 1G: systems are voice-oriented analog cellular and cordless telephones 2G: Wireless networks are voice-oriented digital cellular and PCS systems and data- oriented wireless WANs and LANs. 3G: networks integrate cellular and PCS voice services with a variety of packed switched data service in a unified network.

19. 19 1G wireless standard AMPS TACS E-TACS NMT-450 NMT-900 Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) JTACS/NTACS

20. 20 Cellular, wireless, mobile and PCS The cellular concept began to appear in Bell system proposal in late 1940s. This idea introduced a new model for mobile radio. Previously used broadcast model of a high- power transmitter; placed at high elevation, transmitting the signal to a large area. The new model called for many low power transmitter, each specifically designed to serve only a small area called a cell.

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23

24. 24 Principles of cellular/PCS architecture Low power transmitters and small coverage area/zones Frequency reuse Cell splitting to increase capacity Hand-off and central control  In Dec. 1971 the Bell system submitted a proposal for new analog system to FCC– the High-Capacity Mobile Telephony system ( HCMTS).  The HCMTS was implemented as a developmental system in 1978.  The US analog standard of 1980s and 1990s for cellular radio- AMPS– evolved from the HCMTS.

25. 25 Comparison of PCS and Cellular System aspectPCSCellular Cell size5-500 m0.5-30 km CoverageZonalComprehensive Antenna height<15 m>15 m Vehicle speed<5 kmph<200 kmph Spectrum access SharedExclusive Average handset power 5-10 mw100-600 mw Speech coding32 kb/s ADPCM 7-13 kb/s vocoder

26. 26 2G cellular system GSM IS-54 JDC IS-95

27. 27 2G PCS CT-2 & CT-2 (+) DECT PHS PACS

28. 28 Mobile data services ARDIS ( Advance radio digital information system) Mobitex CDPD (Cellular digital packet data) TETRA (Terrestrial European trunked) radiao GPRS ( General packed radio service) Metricom

29. 29 Paging system Paging systems are communication systems that sends brief messages to a subscriber. Depending on the type of service, the message may be either a numeric message, an alphanumeric message or a voice message. Paging systems are typically used to notify a subscriber of the need to call a particular number or travel to a known location to receive further instruction In modern paging system, news headlines,stock quotations and faxes amy be sent.

30. 30

31. 31 Cordless telephone system Cordless telephone system are full duplex communication system that use radio to connect a portable handset to a dedicated base station, which is then connected to a dedicated telephone line with a specific telephone number on the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Early cordless telephones operate solely as extension telephones to a transreceiver connected to a subscriber line on the PSTN and are primarily for in home-use. Typical 2G base station of cordless telephone provide coverage ranges up to few hundred meters.

32. 32

33. 33 Satellite mobile systems Mobile satellite communications are particularly significant to long distance travelers over parts of the world that can not be covered by conventional land-based communications system. For aircraft and ships, mobile satellite links greatly improve air traffic control navigation and rescue requirement for transoceanic crossings that were earlier served by HF communications.

34. 34

35. 35 Satellite communication Geostationary satellites (GEOS) Low-earth orbiting satellites (LEOS) Medium-earth orbiting satellites (MEOS) Capacity allocation

36. 36 Wireless LAN standards IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11a HIPERLAN/2 HIPERLAN/1

37. 37 3G and beyond The purpose of migration to 3G networks was to develop an international standard that combines and gradually replaces 2G digital cellular, PCS and mobile data services. Outside 3G standards, WLAN and WPAN standards are forming the future broadband and ad hoc wireless networks. 3G provides multimedia services to users every where. WLAN provides broadband services in hot spots where a short proximity is needed WPAN connects personal devices together

38. 38 Bluetooth and WPANs Bluetooth is an ad hoc approach for enabling various devices to communicate with one another within a nominal 10 meter range. This standard has been embraced by over 1,000 manufacturers of electronic appliances. Bluetooth operates in 2.4 GHz ISM band ( 2400- 2483.5 MHz) and uses a frequency hopping TDD scheme for each radio channel.

39. 39