1. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 1What does the Big Bang theory say? AThe Universe/all matter exploded out from a single point about 14 billion years ago.

2. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 2Give two pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory. ARed shift of galaxies and cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).

3. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 3‘Why was the Universe created?’ Suggest one reason why scientists cannot answer this question. AThey will never have enough evidence and cannot do an experiment to find the answer.

4. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 4If new data were collected that did not support the Big Bang theory, what should scientists do? ACheck the data OR repeat the experiments OR change the theory to take it into account.

5. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 5Explain why the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) was so important. AThe steady state theory says that the Universe is expanding but has no explanation for the CMBR; the Big Bang theory says that there should be radiation left over from the Big Bang that by now will be in the microwave region, so finding this evidence was important in supporting the Big Bang theory.

6. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 6Some theories of the Universe suggest that there was a previous Universe that collapsed to a Big Crunch before the Big Bang. Explain whether scientists have any proof of this theory. ANo, because there is no way to get evidence of anything before the Big Bang as that is when time, space and matter were created.

7. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 7(a) Describe the CMBR. ACMBR is microwave radiation that is present everywhere in the Universe and arrives at Earth from all directions. (b) Explain why it is important in the Big Bang theory. AThe theory says that the Universe exploded from a point, and radiation from the explosion will now be in the microwave region and present throughout the Universe; CMBR fits this description and so is strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.

8. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers 8The Steady State theory of the Universe says that the Universe has always existed and as it expands new galaxies of stars are formed in the spaces between the other galaxies. Explain the main differences between the Steady State theory and the Big Bang theory, and why the Big Bang theory is the one accepted by most cosmologists today.

9. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. P1 6.3 – Questions and answers A The Big Bang theory states that the Universe and matter exploded outwards from a single point/small spot about 14 thousand million/14 billion years ago. In contrast, the Steady State theory suggests the Universe always existed and didn’t start from a small point. Radiation from the time of the Big Bang would now be in the microwave region, and CMBR has been detected. The Steady State theory does not explain CMBR, which CMBR comes from all directions (ignore red shift as this shows the Universe is expanding – and Steady State theory says this too).