1. Soil cement 1 1

2. Content Introduction What is Soil Cement? Why Use Soil-Cement?
How is Soil-Cement Built?
Objective of the Work
Soil Cement Road
Performance of Soil Cement
Types
Advantages
Disadvantages
References

3. Introduction
Soil cement is frequently used as a construction material for pipe bedding, slope protection, and road construction as a sub base layer reinforcing and protecting the sub grade.
It has good compressive and shear strength, but is brittle and has low tensile strength, so it is prone to forming cracks.

4. What is Soil Cement?
Soil cement is a construction material, a mix of pulverized natural soil with small amount of Portland cement and water, usually processed in a tumble, compacted to high density.
Hard, semi-rigid durable material is formed by hydration of the cement particles.

5. Why Use Soil-Cement?
Failing granular-base pavements, with or without their old bituminous mats, can be salvaged, strengthened, and reclaimed as soil-cement pavements.
This is an efficient, economical way of rebuilding pavements. Since approximately 90 percent of the material used is already in place, handling and hauling costs are cut to a minimum.

6. How is Soil-Cement Built?
Before construction begins, simple laboratory tests establish the cement content, compaction, and water requirements of the soil material to be used.
During construction, tests are made to see that the requirements are being met. Testing ensures that the mixture will have strength and long-term durability. No guesswork is involved.
Soil-cement can be mixed in place or in a central mixing plant. Central mixing plants can be used where borrow material is involved.

7. Objective of the Work To study about soil cement roads.
To study about construction methods.
Discuss about various properties of soil cement roads.
Discuss about advantages and disadvantages of soil cement roads.

8. Soil Cement Road
Soil-cement is a highly compacted mixture of soil/aggregate, Portland cement, and water.
Soil-cement differs from Portland cement concrete pavements in several respects.
One significant difference is the manner in which the aggregates or soil particles are held together.

9. Performance of Soil Cement
Soil-cement thicknesses are less than those required for granular bases carrying the same traffic over the same sub grade. This is because soil-cement is a cemented, rigid material that distributes loads over broad areas.
Its slab-like characteristics and beam strength are unmatched by granular bases.
Hard, rigid soil-cement resists cyclic cold, rain, and spring-thaw damage. Cement stabilizes soil in two ways. First, it reduces soil plasticity, especially for the soil in which there is high amount of clay particles.

10. Types of soil cement
Cement-modified soils (CMS):A cement-modified soil contains relatively small proportion of Portland cement. The result is caked or slightly hardened material, similar to a soil, but with improved mechanical properties - lower plasticity, increased bearing ratio and shearing strength, and decreased volume change.
Soil-cement base (SCB):A soil-cement base contains higher proportion of cement than cement-modified soil. It is commonly used as a cheap pavement base for roads, streets, parking lots, airports, and material handling areas.
Cement-treated base (CTB):A cement-treated base is a mix of granular soil aggregates or aggregate material with Portland cement and water.
Acrylic copolymer (Rhino Snot):Developed for the U.S. Military in desert conditions and commercially trademarked, "Rhino Snot" is a water soluble acrylic copolymer applied to soil or sand which penetrates and coats the surface.  

11. Advantages Low First Cost Fast Construction
Economic and Environmental Benefits
Low First Cost
Fast Construction
Recycling of Existing Materials

12. Engineering Benefits
Stiffness Soil-cement is a low-cost pavement base offering the feature most essential for long-lasting parking and storage areas-stiffness. Large paved areas must maintain their original grade and must not develop depressions or potholes if they are to drain freely during rains,

13. Stabilized Base vs. Unstabilized Base

14.  Great Strength
Cores taken from soil-cement pavements furnish proof of its strength. Samples taken after 15 to 20 years show considerably greater strength than sample taken when the pavement was initially built.
Because the cement in soil-cement continues to hydrate for many years, soil-cement has “reserve” strength and actually grows strength and actually grows stronger.

15. Superior Performance
More than 70 years of collective experience have demonstrated that different kinds of soil-cement mixtures can be tailored to specific pavement applications, all achieving superior performance as a result of soil-cement’s strength.
Thousands of miles of soil-cement pavement in every state in the United States and in all the Cannadian provinces are still providing good service at low maintenance costs.

16. Disadvantages
1. Need to follow the standard strictly. if not, the result May not work properly.
2. Water still be able to penetrate if Capillary void  too big.
3. If the percentage of Cement too high, it’ll create crack. Due to less flexibility (too brittle) Normally the optimum percentage of cement shall be lesser than 7% by weight of dry soil.
4. It’s not suitable for some type of soils.
5. The homogeneously mix is strictly concened,then this process need experienced supervisor or quality equipment to process.
6. Can not operate if moisture of soil above 10%.

17. References

18. Thanks